The invention belongs to the field of agricultural plant breeding and discloses a method for increasing the hybrid seed production efficiency of self-incompatibility gramineous plants. The method includes the steps of firstly, preparing materials, to be more specific, planting Chinese silvergrass seedlings or rhizomes in pots; secondly, culturing plants, to be more specific, culturing the pot-cultured Chinese silvergrass under 24 DEG C and in light for 16 hours/under 18 DEG C and in darkness for 8 hours, watering once each day until the soil is completely wetted, and supplementing a Hoagland plant nutrient solution three times every week; thirdly, pruning the plants, to be more specific, timely cutting off tillers after flowering each day in the flowering period to promote the plants to constantly growth new tillers and achieve earing and flowering, cutting of the tillers after flowering, and repeating to achieve annual flowering; fourthly, using dark induction to induce inflorescencespikelet to disperse pollen, to be more specific, arranging inflorescence about to enter the vigorous flowering period, and inducing the plants under room temperature in complete darkness for 8-12 hours; fifthly, collecting pollen, to be more specific, shaking the inflorescence to collect the pollen after most spikelet on the inflorescence exposes anther after the dark induction. The method is simple, efficient and beneficial to the efficiency of Chinese silvergrass hybrid breeding and genetic researches.