The invention provides an automatic test device with a low-voltage collection and power consumption loading and interchangeability function. The device comprises a first body, a second body, a first test bottom plate and a second test bottom plate; the first body is provided with a first slot position for mounting a low-voltage collection terminal to be tested and a second slot position for installing a standard communication module; the first slot position is electrically connected to the second slot position; a first test bottom plate includes a standard communication module pin header, a first MCU and a first control detection circuit; the standard communication module pin header, the first control detection circuit and the first MCU are sequentially connected; the standard communication module pin header and the first MCU are all connected with an upper monitor; the first control detection circuit is connected with the standard communication module through the standard communication module pin header; the second test bottom plate includes a third slot position, a second MCU and a second control detection circuit; the second body is used for pressing the communication module tobe tested into the third slot position; the third slot position and the second MCU are connected to the upper monitor; the third slot position, the second control detection circuit and the second MCUare sequentially connected.