The invention discloses a lead tungstate housing phase-change microcapsule and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a phase-change material, citrate, an emulsifier solution and deionized water, and emulsifying the mixture to obtain phase-change material emulsion; dropwise adding a lead salt solution into the phase-change material emulsion, stirring the solution and the emulsion, then dropwise adding a tungstate solution into the phase-change material emulsion, stirring the solution and the emulsion, generating lead tungstate precipitates through precipitation reaction of the lead salt and the tungstate, so as to form a housing wrapping a core material on the emulsion droplet surface of the phase-change material; cooling a reacted systemto room temperature, taking out the phase-change microcapsule, washing the phase-change microcapsule with deionized water, and drying the phase-change microcapsule, thus obtaining the lead tungstatehousing phase-change microcapsule. The lead tungstate housing phase-change microcapsule prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention solves the technical problems of leakage of the phase-change material, phase separation and supercooling and low thermal conductivity. Besides, the lead tungstate housing and a paraffin phase-change material have the capacity of shielding gamma-raysand neutrons, so that the lead tungstate housing phase-change microcapsule has two functions of phase-change energy storage and radiation prevention.