A fracture distribution quantitative characterization method and system provided by the invention relate to technical field of petroleum exploration. The fracture distribution quantitative characterization method includes the following steps: dividing a single-layer lithologic body; doing statistics of the lithologic body thickness of the single-layer lithologic body; interpreting the fractures inthe single-layer lithologic body according to imaging logging data; doing statistics of the number of fractures in the single-layer lithologic body; calculating the density of the fracture layer, wherein the density of the fracture layer is the ratio of the total number of fractures to the lithologic body thickness; doing statistics of the fracture thickness of the fractures in the single-layer lithologic body; and calculating the fracture development rate, wherein the fracture development rate is the ratio of the thickness of the fractures in the single-layer lithologic body to the lithologic body thickness. The fracture distribution quantitative characterization method can quantitatively characterize the development of fractures and quantitatively characterize the distribution of fractures.