The invention discloses a magnetic lunar surface gravitational field vacuum environment simulated testing device and method. The device mainly comprises a vacuum saturated barrel, a stainless steel cover plate, a vacuum pump and a sealing structure. The sealing structure consists of an upper fixing lock cap, a lower fixing lock cap and two sealing rings jointly, and axial loading in a sealed environment is realized. By the device, a uniaxial compression test, a tensile test and flat plate, static load and static sounding physical model test of various rock and earth mass materials for simulating a lunar surface gravitational field vacuum environment, simulating lunar soil in a vacuum environment and the like can be carried out, and different vacuum environments, various particle scales, grading and loading rate conditions can be simulated; deformation, strength and mechanical property of the simulated lunar soil and the correlativity of engineering characteristics and factors includingthe gravitational field, vacuum and the like are obtained, the mechanical properties of the lunar soil, particularly a mechanism of formation and an evolutional law of weak cohesion and small tensilestrength of the lunar soil, are analyzed and disclosed, and test support is provided for basic mechanical and engineering parameters of the lunar soil required for a lunar surface engineering of a typical region.