The invention discloses a cell adhesion force measuring instrument and measuring method based on acoustic surface waves. The cell adhesion force measuring instrument comprises a lithium niobate crystal plate, a silver interdigitatal electrode annular array, a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) micro-channel and a micro-vision servo system, the micro-vision servo system comprises an upper computer system based on a PXI (peripheral component interconnect) bus, a multi-path signal generating system and a micro-vision monitoring system, the silver interdigitatal electrode annular array is arranged on the upper periphery of the lithium niobate crystal plate, the lithium niobate crystal plate and the silver interdigitatal electrode annular array form an interdigital transducer, and the silver interdigitatal electrode annular array is connected with the multi-path signal generating system. According to the measuring instrument, an expected sound field is synthesized in a PDMS micro-channel cavity by the aid of the interdigital transducer and the micro-vision servo system, cells are operated by the aid of radiation force of the acoustic surface waves, cell adhesion force is measured, and the measuring instrument has the advantages of simplicity and easiness in operation, fewer interference factors and the like.