The invention discloses a high-bearing capacity and easy-pile pulling self-elevating platform pile shoe and a drilling platform. The high-bearing capacity and easy-pile pulling self-elevating platform pile shoe comprises a pile shoe main body and a bearing unit hinged to the edge of the pile shoe main body, wherein the bearing unit surrounds the pile shoe main body; the bearing unit rotates outwards under acting force of a soil body during pile insertion, so that bearing area of the pile shoe is expanded; the bearing unit rotates inwards under gravity, buoyancy and adhesive force of the soil body during pile pulling, so that bearing area of the pile shoe is decreased; and the lowest point of the bearing unit is higher than the lowest point of the pile shoe main body after pile insertion. According to the high-bearing capacity and easy-pile pulling self-elevating platform pile shoe and the drilling platform, better bearing area can be provided, platform stability is guaranteed, bearing area of the pile shoe is decreased during pile pulling, pile pulling resistance is reduced, and pile pulling is facilitated.