The invention relates to the field of medical treatment, in particular to an acute leukemia emergent nursing sampling and inspecting structure and method. Four garment layers are included and are the outer surface layer, the temperature control layer, the night sweating layer and the detection layer, wherein the temperature control layer and the night sweating layer are arranged below the surface layer, the night sweating layer is close to the skin, and the detection layer is attached to the skin; the night sweating layer and the temperature control layer each comprise a cavity, the night sweating layer comprises one or more lower openings, the lower openings penetrate through the detection layer and are in an arc shape, the upper portions of the lower openings are led to the cavity of the night sweating layer, and the cavity of the night sweating layer is connected with a water pumping pipe; the cavity of the temperature control layer is connected with a vent, and the vent is connected with a temperature control gas source. By adopting any sampling and inspecting structure, the sampling and inspecting structure fits the body; during night sweating, sweat is pumped through the water pumping pipe on the side edge of the night sweating layer, water is pumped out through the lower openings from the body surface, the human body can be kept dry, the temperature of the human body can be rapidly and directly controlled, and meanwhile, as for personal care, patients in adjacent beds cannot be affected, and early nursing of acute leukemia is promoted.