A silicon drifting detector processing circuit for an X-ray pulsar navigation sensor comprises a pre-amplification module, a reset module and a refrigeration module, wherein the pre-amplification module performs low noise amplification on generate pre-amplification photonic signals after receiving photonic signals output by a silicon drifting detector, the pre-amplification photonic signals are output to the pulsar navigation sensor and the reset module respectively, the reset module generates reset signals by the pre-amplification photonic signals and then outputs the reset signals to the silicon drifting detector, the detector is reset, the photonic signals output by the silicon drifting detector are prevented from being saturated, the refrigeration module takes temperature signals of a thermosensitive diode in the detector as input, the temperature is compared with preset temperature, and produced refrigeration current controls the temperature in the detector to be constant with the preset temperature. The detector processing circuit is designed by anti-radiation aerospace class devices, and compared with the prior art, the detector processing circuit can be better suitable for operation on orbit of aerospace products.