The present invention provides a full-frequency band and wide-frequency domain shake monitoring system for mine earthquakes and rock bursts. The system comprises a low-frequency earthquake monitoring subsystem for monitoring frequency bands ranging from 0.5 to 60 Hz, a middle and low-frequency micro-earthquake monitoring subsystem for monitoring frequency bands ranging from 1 to 150Hz, a middle and high-frequency micro-earthquake monitoring subsystem used for monitoring frequency bands ranging from 60 to 1500Hz, and a high-frequency ground sound monitoring subsystem for monitoring frequency bands higher than 1500Hz. According to the full-frequency band and wide-frequency domain shake monitoring system, a full-frequency wide-area mine shake monitoring technology is adopted, monitoring and early warning of different frequency bands are realized, indicator conversion and a unified mechanism are achieved, full-frequency band and wide-frequency domain integrated monitoring and early warning are realized, and rapid and accurate warning against mine rock bursts and the like is achieved.