The invention relates to a method for improving medication compliance of a patient and an intelligent medicine box system. The method comprises the following steps: arranging the intelligent medicine box system which comprises an intelligent medicine box device, a cloud platform and a mobile phone APP, wherein the intelligent medicine box device comprises a central processing module, a real-time clock module, a camera module, a wireless communication module, an MP3 play module, a sensor module, a memory module and a loudspeaker; establishing a knowledge base, and arranging contents of the knowledge base at different time points of the course of treatment to form a stepped health education knowledge base; recording knowledge contents of the knowledge base into a voice file, then translating the file into different language versions, and performing classified hierarchical storage; copying the voice file together with a catalogue to a memory card of the intelligent medicine box device; calculating the medication time when the patient takes medicine every time, retrieving the voice file with the same name of times or days in the corresponding catalogue in the knowledge base on the memory card, and finally achieving the synchronous health education in the process of medication of the patient in a way of playing or prompting the patient to listen.