The invention discloses a security and protection system based on a housing estate elevator. The security and protection system comprises a communication server, an access control module and a visitor module. The communication server comprises a central processing unit and a data storage server. The data storage server stores prestored resident fingerprints and floor numbers. The access control module comprises a fingerprint entering terminal, a floor input terminal and a display terminal. The fingerprint entering terminal is used for allowing residents to input the fingerprints and sends the entered fingerprints to the central processing unit. The floor input terminal is used for allowing the residents to input the selected floor numbers. The display terminal is used for displaying fingerprint mismatching information and floor number mismatching information. The visitor module comprises a visitor terminal and resident terminals. According to the security and protection system based on the housing estate elevator, a fingerprint unlocking system is added to an elevator system, and the resident fingerprints are entered in advance, so that people other than residents of a building cell are limited from entering the building cell effectively; life and property security of the residents is guaranteed; meanwhile, a visitor system is arranged, so that it is convenient for visitors to enter the building cell conveniently during visiting time; and safety and convenience are achieved.