The invention discloses a movable steel pipe inserting-piling anchoring type drilling floating construction platform. The movable steel pipe inserting-piling anchoring type drilling floating construction platform comprises floating bodies A and floating bodies B, the floating bodies A and the floating bodies B are transversely connected through a plurality of I beams, and a drilling space is formed by connecting the floating bodies A, the floating bodies B and the I beams; steel pipe pile protection barrels are further fixed between the floating bodies A and the floating bodies B; a steel pipe matched with each steel pipe pile protection barrel is arranged in the corresponding steel pipe pile protection barrel, capable of being inserted into an underwater rock layer and detachably connected with the corresponding steel pipe pile protection barrel; and a percussion drill for drilling is arranged above the floating bodies A or the floating bodies B. A construction method of the movable steel pipe inserting-piling anchoring type drilling floating construction platform comprises the steps that the drilling space 13 is moved to a designed position; the steel pipes 8 are inserted into the steel pipe pile protection barrels 11 and inserted into the underwater rock layer in an inserting-piling mode, and then the steel pipes 8 and the steel pipe pile protection barrels 11 are fixed together; and drilling is conducted. According to the movable steel pipe inserting-piling anchoring type drilling floating construction platform and the construction method thereof, the steel pipes and the steel pipe pile protection barrels are fixed in a matched mode, accordingly, the floating construction platform is anchored, and the stability of drilling construction is greatly improved.