The invention discloses a winged missile vertical thermal emission inner-round outer-square concentric cylinder structure comprising an outer barrel, an inner barrel, reinforcing ribs, a diversion cone, stop piece support plates and a diversion plate; the inner barrel is a non-sealing barrel formed by four arc panels, wherein the non-sealing zone of the inner barrel forms a motion channel for the missile and missile wings; the outer barrel is a square barrel formed by splicing four square panels, wherein the outer barrel inner wall is fixed with the inner barrel, and a gas flow exhaust gap is arranged between the outer barrel and the inner barrel; the diversion cone is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the outer barrel, and is a conical symmetry structure; a missile engine ejects the gas flow applied on the diversion cone, and the ejected gas flow is backflowed by the diversion cone so as to enter the gap between the outer barrel and the inner barrel, thus exhausting the gas flow. The outer barrel is designed into a square shape, thus improving the gas flow exhaust gap between the outer barrel and the inner barrel; compared with a concentric cylinder with an inner round barrel and an outer round barrel, the winged missile vertical thermal emission inner-round outer-square concentric cylinder structure can maximumly effectively improve gas flow exhaust space area, thus better adapting to large missile diameter missile concentric cylinder emission.