The invention discloses a preparation method of a titanium niobate/carbon composite electrode material belonging to the lithium ion battery material technical field. According to the method, ball mill mixing is carried out to titanium dioxide, niobium oxide and carbon source according to a certain proportion; the dried mixture is calcined under the protection of an inert gas, thus obtaining the titanium niobate/carbon composite electrode material. The invention also discloses the titanium niobate/carbon composite electrode material prepared by the preparation method. According to the invention, the conductivity of the material is improved through carbon coverage; meanwhile, a certain inhibiting effect on the particle size increasing phenomenon of the titanium niobate is realized through carbon coverage; the material shows excellent rate capability and cycle performance when being used as the lithium ion battery anode material; in addition, the material and the preparation method of the invention are featured by simple preparation technology, convenient operation and low production cost and are easy in large-scale industrial production.