The invention relates to a rail vehicle braking clamp which is provided with a clamp shell, a lever body, a brake pad, a support pin and an oil cylinder, wherein a cylinder body of the oil cylinder is integrally prepared from the clamp shell, a regulating shaft hole and an oil interface are formed in the cylinder body, a piston sleeves a reset piston, a regulating shaft passes through the regulating shaft hole in one end surface of the cylinder body and a piston hole in the reset piston, one end of a guide rod is connected with an oil cylinder cover, and the relation between the effective area S1 of the reset piston and the effective area S2 of the piston is S1=(1+/-2%)S2. The rail vehicle braking clamp has the advantages that the cylinder body of the oil cylinder of the braking clamp is integrally prepared from the clamp shell, and the internal structure of the oil cylinder is simple, so that the oil cylinder has the advantages of compact structure, high reliability and small size, the size of the braking clamp is greatly reduced, the clamp can be conveniently installed on a wheel set, and due to S1=(1+/-2%)S2, the calculated amount of braking force is reduced, and the potential safety hazard caused by misoperation is effectively avoided.