An electric power component identification method comprises a step of image acquisition, acquiring an electric power component image by a camera or other digital equipment; a step of manual input, drawing a sealed border of an electric power component on the image by a user; a step of pretreatment, selecting original pixel points of an annular region, carrying out line sampling on the image, a sampling interval being defined by the user, and a sampling direction being vertical; a step of precision treatment, determining a point with the most drastic local gray scale change on each line sample as an accurate border point of the electric power component; a step of image drawing, connecting all the accurate border points together to form a so-called complete dividing image of the electric power component; and a step of image comparison, comparing the complete dividing image of the electric power component with various electric power component standard images in a database, thus to determine the name of the electric power component.