The invention discloses a missile hanger separation mechanism. The missile hanger separation mechanism comprises a hanger, an explosive bolt, an actuator, a missile body and a location pin, wherein one end of the actuator is connected with the missile body through a second fastener, and the other end of the actuator is connected with the hanger through a first fastener; one end of the explosive bolt is connected with the missile body through a fourth fastener, and the other end of the explosive bolt is connected with the hanger through a third fastener; the hanger is fixed on the missile body through the location pin, and the contact surface of the missile body and the hanger is a separation surface; a U-shaped groove is formed in the upper end of the explosive bolt, and the central plane of the U-shaped groove is located on the separation surface; and a push rod and a combustion cavity are arranged on and formed in the actuator, the combustion cavity is filled with gunpowder, and the push rod carries out initial locking through a shear pin. The missile hanger separation mechanism disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to install and maintain, high in action synchronization of initiating explosive devices, and capable of effectively controlling the posture of the hanger after flying away from the missile body, and guaranteeing no collision of the hanger with the missile body during the process of flying away from the missile body, thus improving the flying safety of a carrying aircraft and a missile.