The invention discloses a business rule based method for auditing SCD (substation configuration description) files of a smart substation. The method comprises steps as follows: base model definition is performed, and model classes used for engineering template description are defined and comprise a smart device class, an input virtual terminal class, an output virtual terminal class, an input virtual terminal set class, an output virtual terminal set class, a virtual secondary circuit class, a virtual secondary loop group class, an interval class or a substation design scheme rule class; the model classes are applied, various engineering templates are defined according to requirements of relative standard regulations and specifications and typical design specifications of the electric power industry, and the definition of the various engineering templates specially comprises definition of a standard smart device template, definition of an interval type template and definition of a substation design scheme rule template; the SCD files are audited by various engineering templates. According to the method, various file errors can be checked out in advance after the substation engineering construction design is finished, and the auditing efficiency of the smart substation design is guaranteed.