The invention discloses an image compression method based on biorthogonal invariant set multi-wavelets. The image compression method comprises the following steps: 1, inputting image data; 2, performing DC level displacement; 3, forming a filter matrix judger; 4, performing biorthogonal invariant set multi-wavelet transform layer number initialization; 5, increasing height and width of an image; 6, performing biorthogonal invariant set multi-wavelet row transform; 7, performing biorthogonal invariant set multi-wavelet line transform; 8, quantifying coefficients; 9, performing arithmetic coding; 10, cutting rate-distortion optimization; 11, organizing code streams. A group of biorthogonal invariant set multi-wavelet filters with symmetry, compact support and orthogonality are adopted, and an inner product method is adopted in biorthogonal invariant set multi-wavelet transform calculation, so that the algorithm complexity is greatly reduced, the energy and entropy concentration degree are high while the sparsity is higher after transform, later compression encoding is facilitated, and blocking processing and parallel acceleration can be more conveniently.