An elastic split type fastener of a medium and low speed magnetic suspension rail has enough strength and buckling pressure, has large rail vertical, transverse and longitudinal adjusting capacity simultaneously provides rail elasticity and achieves bidirectional vibration attenuation. The elastic split type fastener comprises two groups of connection bolt assemblies arranged transversely at intervals and two groups of anchoring bolt assemblies transversely arranged at intervals, wherein the connection bolt assemblies integrate an H-shaped steel pillow with a connection board, vibration attenuation gaskets are arranged on the contact surfaces of the connection bolt assemblies and the H-shaped steel pillow, an under-pillow elastic cushion plate is arranged between a base plate of the H-shaped steel pillow and the connection board, and connection bolt long round holes extending along the circuit direction and used for enabling the upper portions of the connection bolt assemblies to penetrate through are arranged on the bottoms on two sides of the H-shaped steel pillow; and the anchoring bolt assemblies integrate the connection board and a support rail table, the lower portions of the anchoring bolt assemblies are connected with the support rail table in anchoring mode, a buffering cushion plate is arranged between the connection board and an iron cushion plate at the top surface of the support rail table, and anchoring bolt long round holes extending along the direction perpendicular to the circuit and used for enabling the upper portions of the anchoring bolt assemblies to penetrate through are arranged on the connection board.