The invention discloses a composite material intelligent anchorage with the self-monitoring function and a preparation method and relates to the technical field of novel building composite materials and sensors. The intelligent anchorage comprises sensing optical fibers (10), an anchor cup (20) and a clamping piece (30), wherein the clamping piece (30) and the anchor cup (20) are in inside-outside connection along the middle axial line, and the sensing optical fibers (10) are respectively embedded in the anchor cup (20) and the clamping piece (30). The preparation method of the intelligent anchorage comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a die and preparing materials; (2) soaking the prepared materials in resin; (3) filling the die; (4) closing the die; (5) stripping and polishing; and (6) welding a connecting port of the sensing optical fibers. The intelligent anchorage has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, safety and reliability in the construction of a building structure, good durability and strong flexibility, and is used for anchoring prestressed tendons in a prestressed concrete structure and extensively applicable to house buildings, bridge beams, underground structures, pits, mine shafts, tunnels, slopes and other buildings.