The invention provides a multi-microcomputer distribution-type intelligent measurement control system which is applicable to the engineering deformation monitoring and the automatic recording of geophysical apparatus. An industrial personal computer or a PC which is used as a main controller is connected with a measurement control unit (MCU) which is arranged in front through an RS485 bus so as to transmit orders and to receive data. Each MCU can be provided with one measurement control module. Different instruments of different measuring ways or different sensors with different physical quantity outputs adopt different measurement modules, and a main system can be connected with more than 250 modules. The MCU can be separated from the main controller to independently do the work such as the timely data collection, data storage and the like, and the MCU is provided with a backup battery, so the MCU has a power-failure protection function. The MCU is of a complete data collection system and is particularly applicable to the unattended fields.