The invention discloses a novel optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing device, which is produced on the basis of the Talbot effect generated by phase sampling fiber Bragg gratings, has the advantages of broad frequency domain, dense channel and good channel isolation, and is very suitable to be used as optical wavelength division multiplexing device requiring multiple channels (more than forty channels) and high density (1 nanometer is larger than 2 channels). Compared with the uniform phase sampling fiber Bragg gratings with identical requirement on the channel, in the Talbot effect,the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing device can realize the effect of multiple reflection peak channels through changing minimum phase change sampling point in a sampling period, and the effect can be proved in Dammann binary phase sampling fiber gratings and Multilevel phase sampling fiber gratings. The technology of the phase sampling grating with the Talbot effect is adopted in the device, and the device is advantageous both in reducing the manufacture difficulty and improving the channel quality when producing DWDM with broad frequency domain, uniform channel and good isolation degree.