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1. 发明申请

WO2012112359A1 HIGH-EFFICIENCY THERMAL-ENERGY-DRIVEN WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：高效热能驱动水净化系统
公开(公告)号：WO2012112359A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-23
申请号：PCT/US2012/024287
申请日：2012-02-08
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS , GOVINDAN, Prakash , MISTRY, Karan , LIENHARD, John , ZUBAIR, Syed
发明人： GOVINDAN, Prakash , MISTRY, Karan , LIENHARD, John , ZUBAIR, Syed
IPC分类号： B01D1/14 , C02F1/04 , B01D5/00 , C02F1/10 , C02F103/08
CPC分类号： C02F1/048 , B01D1/14 , B01D1/16 , B01D3/007 , B01D3/346 , C02F1/10 , C02F9/00 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2103/08 , C02F2201/009 , C02F2301/063 , Y02A20/128 , Y02A20/212 , Y02B30/52 , Y02W10/37
摘要： Water is separated from a liquid composition (e.g., salt water) by directing a carrier gas flow through an evaporator and directly contacting the carrier gas with the liquid composition to humidify the carrier gas with water evaporated from the liquid composition, producing a humidified gas flow. The humidified gas flow is compressed by injecting a fluid that includes steam and/or an organic compound at an elevated pressure at least five times greater than the pressure in the evaporator and at a temperature at least as high as a saturation temperature of the steam / organic compound at the elevated pressure of the fluid. After being compressed, the humidified gas flow is directed through a condenser where water is condensed from the compressed humidified gas flow and collected. The dehumidified gas flow is re-circulated from the condenser back through the evaporator for reuse as the carrier gas.
摘要翻译：通过将载气流引导通过蒸发器并将载气与液体组合物直接接触来使水与液体组合物（例如盐水）分离，以便从液体组合物蒸发的水对载气进行加湿，产生加湿气流。通过在包括蒸汽和/或有机化合物的流体的压力下将至少比蒸发器中的压力高至少五倍的温度和至少与蒸汽/ /或有机化合物的饱和温度一样高的温度注入加湿气流，有机化合物在流体的高压下。在被压缩之后，加湿的气流被引导通过冷凝器，其中水从压缩的加湿气流中冷凝并收集。除湿气流从冷凝器再循环通过蒸发器重新使用作为载气。

2. 发明申请

WO2017146974A1 BATCH PRESSURE-DRIVEN MEMBRANE SEPARATION WITH CLOSED-FLOW LOOP AND RESERVOIR 审中-公开
标题翻译：间歇式流动循环和水库的分批压力驱动膜分离
公开(公告)号：WO2017146974A1
公开(公告)日：2017-08-31
申请号：PCT/US2017/018069
申请日：2017-02-16
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： WARSINGER, David , LIENHARD, John , TOW, Emily , MCGOVERN, Ronan , THIEL, Gregory
IPC分类号： B01D61/08 , B01D61/00 , B01D61/02 , B01D61/06 , B01D61/58
CPC分类号： B01D61/08 , B01D61/02 , B01D61/025 , B01D61/027 , B01D61/10 , B01D2311/14 , B01D2311/25 , B01D2313/24 , B01D2313/50 , B01D2315/10 , B01D2315/14 , C02F1/441 , C02F1/442 , C02F2103/08 , C02F2209/03
摘要： A feed of at least one of (a) a source liquid including a solvent with a dissolved impurity and (b) a retentate of the source liquid is pumped in a substantially closed loop through a liquid-separation module. The liquid-separation module includes a membrane that passes at least partially purified solvent to a permeate side of the membrane while diverting the impurity in a retentate on the retentate side of the membrane. The purified solvent is extracted from the permeate side of the membrane; and the retentate from the liquid-separation module is pumped to or through a pressurized reservoir with a variable volume for the feed component and recirculated as a component of the feed. Over time, the volume for the feed is reduced and the pressure applied to the feed in the reservoir is increased to balance against an increasing difference in osmotic pressure across the membrane.
摘要翻译：（a）包含具有溶解杂质的溶剂的源液体和（b）源液体的保留物中的至少一种的进料通过液体分离以实质上封闭的回路被泵送模块。液体分离组件包括膜，该膜将至少部分纯化的溶剂传递到膜的渗透侧，同时将杂质转移到膜的滞留侧上的渗余物中。纯化的溶剂从膜的渗透侧提取; 并将来自液体分离组件的滞留物泵送到或通过具有可变容积的加压容器用于进料组分并作为进料组分再循环。随着时间的推移，饲料的体积减少，并且施加到储存器中的饲料的压力增加以平衡穿过膜的渗透压差的增加。

3. 发明申请

WO2014164255A1 MULTI-STAGE MEMBRANE DISTILLATION PROCESS 审中-公开
标题翻译：多级膜分离方法
公开(公告)号：WO2014164255A1
公开(公告)日：2014-10-09
申请号：PCT/US2014/021534
申请日：2014-03-07
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： SUMMERS, Edward , LIENHARD, John
IPC分类号： B01D35/18 , C02F1/02
CPC分类号： C02F1/447 , C02F2103/08 , C02F2209/03 , Y02A20/128
摘要： Portions of a feed liquid pass through respective condensers and heat exchangers. The feed liquid is then heated and injected into a first containment chamber, where vapor from the feed liquid passes through a first gas-permeable membrane and into a first condenser, where the vapor condenses to produce a first liquid permeate. The first liquid permeate passes through the first heat exchanger, where it is cooled by the feed liquid passing therethrough. After the vapor is removed from the feed liquid in the first containment chamber, the remaining feed liquid is injected into a second containment chamber, where the process is repeated. The first liquid permeate from the first heat exchanger is combined with the second liquid permeate from the second condenser to form a combined liquid permeate, which is passed through the second heat exchanger where the combined liquid permeate is cooled by the feed liquid passing therethrough.
摘要翻译：进料液的一部分通过各自的冷凝器和热交换器。然后将进料液体加热并注入到第一容纳室中，其中来自进料液体的蒸气通过第一气体可渗透膜并进入第一冷凝器，其中蒸气冷凝以产生第一液体渗透物。第一液体渗透物通过第一热交换器，在那里它被通过的进料液体冷却。在从第一容纳室中的进料液体中除去蒸气之后，将剩余的进料液体注入到第二容纳室中，在该第二容纳室中重复该过程。来自第一热交换器的第一液体渗透物与来自第二冷凝器的第二液体渗透物组合以形成组合的液体渗透物，其通过第二热交换器，其中组合的液体渗透物被通过的进料液体冷却。

4. 发明申请

WO2011028853A1 WATER SEPARATION UNDER REDUCED PRESSURE 审中-公开
标题翻译：降低压力下的水分离
公开(公告)号：WO2011028853A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-10
申请号：PCT/US2010/047598
申请日：2010-09-02
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , ELSHARQAWY, Mostafa , LIENHARD, John , ZUBAIR, Syed , GOVINDAN, Prakash , KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS
发明人： ELSHARQAWY, Mostafa , LIENHARD, John , ZUBAIR, Syed , GOVINDAN, Prakash
IPC分类号： C02F1/12 , C02F1/04 , B01D1/14 , B01D3/34 , B01D5/00 , C02F103/08
CPC分类号： C02F1/12 , B01D1/0058 , B01D1/0082 , B01D1/14 , B01D5/0006 , B01D5/0039 , B01D5/0045 , B01D5/0051 , C02F1/048 , C02F2103/08 , C02F2301/063 , Y02A20/128
摘要： Water is separated from a liquid mixture ( e.g. , sea water) using a humidification chamber and a dehumidification chamber that are each operated at a pressure less than ambient atmospheric pressure ( e.g. , at least 10 % less than ambient atmospheric pressure). A carrier gas is flowed through the humidification chamber; and inside the humidification chamber, the carrier gas directly contacts the liquid mixture to humidify the carrier gas with water evaporated from the liquid mixture to produce a humidified gas flow. The humidified gas flow is directed through the dehumidification chamber, where water is condensed from the humidified gas flow and collected.
摘要翻译：使用加湿室和除湿室将水与液体混合物（例如海水）分离，所述加湿室和除湿室各自在低于环境大气压力的压力下操作（例如，比环境大气压力低至少10％）。载气流过加湿室; 并且在加湿室内部，载体气体直接接触液体混合物，以便从液体混合物蒸发的水使载气加湿以产生加湿气流。加湿气流被引导通过除湿室，其中水从加湿气流中冷凝并收集。

5. 发明申请

WO2021072345A1 DEFORMATION-ENHANCED CLEANING OF FOULED MEMBRANES 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2021072345A1
公开(公告)日：2021-04-15
申请号：PCT/US2020/055175
申请日：2020-10-11
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： LABBAN, Omar , GOON, Grace , LIENHARD, John , ZHAO, Xuanhe
IPC分类号： B01D65/02
摘要： Enhanced cleaning of a fouled membrane is achieved via controlled deformation in a method wherein a feed composition, comprising a solvent and dissolved components, flows into a retentate side of a membrane module. The solvent passes through the membrane from the retentate side to a permeate or draw side of the membrane module while retaining the dissolved components on the membrane. As a foulant accumulates on either side of the membrane, a driving force is generated across the membrane, wherein the membrane responds cyclically by deforming back and forth toward the permeate or draw side and toward the retentate side. The foulant is dislodged from the membrane via mechanical fatigue at the foulant-membrane interface caused by the deformation of the membrane and contact with a spacer in contact with the membrane.

6. 发明申请

WO2020146330A1 WATER TREATMENT FOR INCREASING RECOVERY OF A RESOURCE FROM A RESERVOIR 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2020146330A1
公开(公告)日：2020-07-16
申请号：PCT/US2020/012513
申请日：2020-01-07
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： LIENHARD, John , NAYAR, Kishor
IPC分类号： C09K8/592 , C09K8/594 , E21B43/16
摘要： A first stream of an aqueous solution flows through an upstream desalination or nanofiltration system. A second stream of the aqueous solution is mixed with the diluate output from the upstream desalination system or with the diluate or concentrate output from the upstream nanofiltration system with a flow ratio of the second stream of the aqueous solution to the feed stream of 0.63. A liquid composition flows into the concentrate channels of an electrically driven separation apparatus, while the feed stream flows into at least the diluate channels at a ratio of 0.3 to 0.81 to the flow of the liquid composition. An applied voltage selectively draws monovalent ions from the feed stream in the diluate channels through the monovalent-selective ion exchange membranes into the concentrate channels to produce a treated diluate having a sodium chloride ratio (SCR)

7. 发明申请

WO2016130625A1 HYBRIDIZATION OF HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION AND PRESSURE-RETARDED OSMOSIS 审中-公开
标题翻译：除湿除湿和压力减轻的OSMOSIS杂交
公开(公告)号：WO2016130625A1
公开(公告)日：2016-08-18
申请号：PCT/US2016/017262
申请日：2016-02-10
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： THIEL, Gregory , BANCHIK, Leonardo , LIENHARD, John
IPC分类号： B01D5/00 , C02F1/10 , C02F1/44 , C02F103/08 , F03G7/04 , F24F3/14 , F28D15/02
CPC分类号： B01D61/025 , B01D3/346 , B01D5/006 , B01D2313/22 , C02F1/048 , C02F1/16 , C02F1/44 , C02F2103/08 , Y02A20/131
摘要： A carrier gas and a combined feed liquid are directed through a humidifier, where water vaporizes from the combined feed liquid into the carrier gas, and through a dehumidifier, where the combined feed liquid cools the carrier gas to condense water from the carrier gas. At least a portion of the concentrated brine stream from the humidifier is directed through a pressure-retarded osmosis unit, while an initial feed solution is directed, in counter-flow, through the osmosis unit. Water from the initial feed solution flows through a membrane in the osmosis chamber into the concentrated brine stream to dilute and increase the volumetric flow rate of the brine stream. The diluted brine stream is extracted from the osmosis chamber and depressurized to produce power, while the concentrated initial feed solution is combined with the depressurized, diluted brine stream to form the combined feed liquid.
摘要翻译：载气和组合的进料液体被引导通过加湿器，其中水从组合的进料液体蒸发到载气中，并且通过除湿器，其中组合的进料液冷却载气以从载气冷凝水。来自加湿器的至少一部分浓缩的盐水流被引导通过压力延迟的渗透单元，而初始进料溶液以逆流方式通过渗透单元被引导。来自初始进料溶液的水流过渗透室中的膜进入浓缩的盐水流中以稀释并增加盐水流的体积流速。将稀释的盐水从渗透室中提取并减压以产生动力，同时将浓缩的初始进料溶液与减压的稀释的盐水流合并形成组合的进料液。

8. 发明申请

WO2016003913A1 THERMAL-ENERGY-DRIVEN MECHANICAL COMPRESSION HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION WATER PURIFICATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：热能驱动机械压缩除湿除湿水净化
公开(公告)号：WO2016003913A1
公开(公告)日：2016-01-07
申请号：PCT/US2015/038337
申请日：2015-06-29
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS
发明人： AL-QUTUB, Amro , GOVINDAN, Prakash , LIENHARD, John
IPC分类号： C02F1/04
CPC分类号： C02F1/10 , B01D1/28 , B01D3/346 , B01D5/006 , C02F1/04 , C02F1/041 , C02F2103/08
摘要： A carrier gas is directed through a humidification chamber in a humidifier, where the carrier gas flow is directly contacted with a feed liquid to humidify the carrier gas with water evaporated from the feed liquid, producing a humidified gas flow. The humidified gas flow is then compressed in a compressor and then directed through a dehumidification chamber in a dehumidifier, where the compressed humidified gas flow is dehumidified to condense water from the compressed humidified gas flow. The dehumidified gas flow is then expanded in an expander, wherein the expansion of the dehumidified gas flow generates motion (e.g., rotation of a shaft), and wherein the motion generated in the expander is transferred to the compressor, where the motion compresses the humidified gas flow. Heat is also removed from the expanded dehumidified gas flow and transferred to compressed dehumidified gas flow upstream from the expander.
摘要翻译：载气通过加湿器中的加湿室引导，其中载气流与进料液体直接接触，以便从进料液体中蒸发的水使载气加湿，产生加湿气流。然后将加湿的气体流在压缩机中压缩，然后通过除湿器中的除湿室引导，其中压缩的加湿气体流被除湿以冷凝来自压缩的加湿气流的水。然后将除湿气流在膨胀机中膨胀，其中，除湿气流的膨胀产生运动（例如，轴的旋转），并且其中在膨胀器中产生的运动被传递到压缩机，其中运动压缩加湿的气流。热也从膨胀的除湿气流中除去并转移到膨胀机上游的压缩除湿气流中。

9. 发明申请

WO2023028281A1 HARNESSING METAL IONS FROM BRINES 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2023028281A1
公开(公告)日：2023-03-02
申请号：PCT/US2022/041614
申请日：2022-08-26
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： LIENHARD, John , BOUMA, Andrew , REHMAN, Danyal , FOO, Zi Hao
IPC分类号： B01D61/42 , B01D61/44 , C22B26/12 , C01D15/08 , C22B26/10
摘要： Targeted metal ions can be harnessed from brines by feeding a mixed, aqueous, brine stream including the targeted metal ions and other dissolved ions through a water-recovery module on a first side of a first membrane. In the water-recovery module, water is passed from a monovalent-ion-rich stream on a second side of the first membrane through the first membrane into the mixed, aqueous, brine stream on the first side of the first membrane to produce a diluted, mixed, aqueous, brine stream. The diluted, mixed, aqueous, brine stream is then passed through a valency-selective ion-separation module to produce the monovalent-rich stream, and a multivalent-ion-rich stream, one of which includes a concentration of the targeted metal ions.

10. 发明申请

WO2017015140A1 MULTI-EFFECT MEMBRANE DISTILLATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：多效膜分离
公开(公告)号：WO2017015140A1
公开(公告)日：2017-01-26
申请号：PCT/US2016/042571
申请日：2016-07-15
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： SWAMINATHAN, Jaichander , MCGOVERN, Ronan , CHUNG, Hyung-Won , WARSINGER, David , LIENHARD, John
IPC分类号： B01D3/10 , B01D29/52 , B01D61/36 , C02F1/04 , C02F1/44
CPC分类号： C02F1/447 , B01D61/364 , B01D2313/38 , B01D2317/022 , C02F2301/08 , C02F2303/10 , Y02W10/30
摘要： A multi-effect membrane distillation system includes first and second membrane distillation effects. Each effect (stage) includes a feed channel, a gap, and a vapor-permeable membrane separating the feed channel from the gap. A liquid feed is fed into the feed channel of the first effect via a feed inlet, and the liquid feed is extracted from the firt-stage feed channel ia a first feed-transfer conduit that delivers the liquid feed to the second-stage feed channel. The feed is extracted from the second-stage feed channel via a second feed-transfer conduit. At least one permeate-extraction conduit is coupled with the first-stage and second-stage gaps and is configured to extract permeate (e.g., pure water) therefrom.
摘要翻译：多效膜蒸馏系统包括第一和第二膜蒸馏效果。每个效果（阶段）包括将进料通道与间隙分开的进料通道，间隙和蒸气渗透膜。液体进料通过进料入口进料到第一效应的进料通道中，并且液体进料从毛坯级进料通道提取，第一进料传送管道将液体进料输送到第二级进料通道。进料通过第二进料传送导管从第二级进料通道中提取。至少一个渗透物提取管道与第一级和第二级间隙结合，并且构造成从其中提取渗透物（例如纯水）。

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