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    • 3. 发明申请
    • AN ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD VOICED DETECTOR
    • 自适应阈值检测器
    • WO1988007739A1
    • 1988-10-06
    • PCT/US1988000031
    • 1988-01-12
    • AMERICAN TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH COMPANY
    • AMERICAN TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH COMPANYTHOMSON, David, Lynn
    • G10L03/00
    • G10L25/93
    • Apparatus for detecting a fundamental frequency in speech by statistically analyzing a discriminant variable generated by a discriminant voiced detector (102) so as to determine the presence of the fundamental frequency in a changing speech environment. A statistical calculator (103) is responsive to the discriminant variable to first calculate the average of all of the values of the discriminant variable over the present and past speech frames and then to determine the overall probability that any frame will be unvoiced. In addition, the calculator informs two values, one value represents the statistical average of discriminant values that an unvoiced frame's discriminant variable would have and the other value represents the statistical average of the discriminant values for voice frames. These latter calculations are performed utilizing not only the average discriminant value but also a weight value and a threshold value which are adaptively determined by a threshold calculator (104) from frame to frame. An unvoiced/voiced determinator (105) makes the unvoiced/voiced decision by utilizing the weight and threshold values.
    • 用于通过统计分析由判别语音检测器(102)产生的判别式变量以便确定在改变的语音环境中存在基频的装置,用于检测语音中的基频。 统计计算器(103)响应判别变量来首先计算当前和过去语音帧中的判别变量的所有值的平均值,然后确定任何帧将被清音的总概率。 此外,计算器通知两个值,一个值表示无声帧的判别变量将具有的判别值的统计平均值,另一个值表示语音帧的判别值的统计平均值。 这些后一种计算不仅利用平均判别值进行,而且还利用由帧计算器(104)自适应地确定的权重值和阈值。 无声/浊音确定器(105)通过利用权重和阈值来进行清音/浊音判定。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • ARRANGEMENT FOR A PORTABLE DATA CARRIER HAVING MULTIPLE APPLICATION FILES
    • 具有多个应用文件的便携式数据载体的安装
    • WO1987007063A1
    • 1987-11-19
    • PCT/US1987000913
    • 1987-04-20
    • AMERICAN TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH COMPANY
    • AMERICAN TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH COMPANYANDERL, Ewald, ChristophFRANKEL, OrenZAHIVI, Avi
    • G07F07/10
    • G07F7/1008G06Q20/341G06Q20/3555G06Q20/35765
    • A portable data carrier (10) typically the size of a standard plastic credit card is usable in a variety of applications, from custom repertory dialing to storage of individual medical and/or banking records. The portable data carrier provides a high security file system capable of supporting multiple applications, all independent of the details of the data carrier's generic internal structure. Although the data carrier looks and feels much like an ordinary credit card, it includes a computer (110) and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (115). Power for operation of the portable data carrier is provided from an associated station (118) via a reader/writer (15). The reader/writer also couples data between the data carrier and the associated station. Security is enhanced since application software in the station receiving and interpreting the data from a file sees a contiguous stream of bytes relating only to the file of the application being accessed. No information is provided to a user of a particular application about other applications in the data carrier or about the data carrier's internal file structure.
    • 典型地,标准塑料信用卡的尺寸的便携式数据载体(10)可用于各种应用,从定制的电话拨号到个人医疗和/或银行记录的存储。 便携式数据载体提供了能够支持多个应用的​​高安全性文件系统,全部独立于数据载体的通用内部结构的细节。 虽然数据载体看起来和感觉非常像普通信用卡,但它包括计算机(110)和电可擦除可编程只读存储器(115)。 通过阅读器/写入器(15)从相关联的站(118)提供便携式数据载体的操作功率。 阅读器/写入器还在数据载体和相关站之间耦合数据。 安全性得到增强,因为站点中的应用软件接收和解释来自文件的数据会看到仅与所访问的应用程序的文件相关的连续字节流。 关于数据载体中的其他应用或关于数据载体的内部文件结构的特定应用的用户没有提供信息。