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    • 3. 发明申请
    • Method and apparatus for rapid heating of fuel reforming reactants
    • 燃料重整反应物快速加热的方法和装置
    • US20040194384A1
    • 2004-10-07
    • US10408080
    • 2003-04-04
    • Texaco Inc.
    • Kevin Hoa Nguyen
    • B01J008/00C10K001/00
    • C01B3/48B01J19/2485B01J23/38B01J23/40B01J23/74B01J2219/00083B01J2219/00157B01J2219/00159C01B3/38C01B3/382C01B2203/0261C01B2203/0283C01B2203/044C01B2203/0455C01B2203/047C01B2203/06C01B2203/0811C01B2203/0822C01B2203/0827C01B2203/1604F23C13/02Y02P20/128Y02P20/52
    • Apparatus for rapidly heating one or more reactants for use in a fuel reformer. The apparatus includes a combustion section having an outer wall enclosing a combustion chamber and a catalyst disposed within the combustion chamber. The catalyst provides a non-diffused flow path through the combustion chamber for the combustion of gases and generation of heat and passage of such gases and heat from the combustion chamber. A heat recovery section is in fluid communication with the combustion section and has an outer wall defining a heat recovery chamber. At least one heat exchanging element is located within the heat recovery chamber having an inlet for receiving a fuel reforming reactant and an outlet for directing a heated reactant out of the heat recovery section. The combustion section is elevated relative to the heat recovery section such that heated combustion gases are displaced down into the heat recovery section. The combustion and heat recovery sections have outer walls that are continuous with one another to form a housing that is preferably cylindrical. The housing has an internal diameter of less than about 10 inches, or alternatively, has a length and a diameter in a ratio of between about 7:1 and about 4:1. Methods for the rapid start-up of a fuel processor using such a pre-reformer are also provided, as are integrated fuel processors comprising a fuel reformer and the disclosed pre-reformer.
    • 用于快速加热用于燃料重整器中的一种或多种反应物的装置。 该装置包括具有封闭燃烧室的外壁和设置在燃烧室内的催化剂的燃烧部分。 该催化剂提供通过燃烧室的非扩散流动路径,用于燃烧气体,产生热量并使这些气体和来自燃烧室的热量通过。 热回收部分与燃烧部分流体连通并且具有限定热回收室的外壁。 至少一个热交换元件位于热回收室内,具有用于接收燃料重整反应物的入口和用于将加热的反应物引导出热回收段的出口。 燃烧部分相对于热回收部分升高,使得加热的燃烧气体向下移动到热回收部分。 燃烧和热回收部分具有彼此连续的外壁,以形成优选圆柱形的壳体。 壳体具有小于约10英寸的内径,或者具有约7:1至约4:1之间的长度和直径。 还提供了使用这种预重整器快速启动燃料处理器的方法,以及包括燃料重整器和所公开的预重整器的集成燃料处理器。
    • 8. 发明申请
    • Method for NOx reduction
    • 降低NOx的方法
    • US20040042947A1
    • 2004-03-04
    • US10648885
    • 2003-08-26
    • John HoardChristopher L. AardahlPaul W. Park
    • B01J008/00C01B021/00
    • F01N3/2066B01D53/32B01D53/9418B01D53/9431B01D2251/208B01D2251/21B01D2255/104B01D2255/2027B01D2255/2042B01D2255/2092B01D2255/2094B01D2255/50F01N3/0814F01N3/0842F01N3/0892F01N3/2006F01N3/206F01N13/009F01N2240/28F01N2250/12F01N2330/06F01N2370/24F01N2610/03Y02C20/30Y02T10/24Y02T10/26
    • A method for reducing NOx in a gas stream by sequentially exposing the gas stream to a first and a second catalyst. The first catalyst converts at least a portion of the gas stream to a reducing gas, it reduces at least a portion of the NOx in a first temperature range, and it absorbs at least a portion of the NOx in the first temperature range. The second catalyst reduces at least a portion of the NOx in a second temperature range utilizing the reducing gas produced by the second catalyst. The reducing gas produced by the first catalyst is typically a partially oxidized hydrocarbon, preferably an aldehyde, and more preferably acetaldehyde or formaldehyde. In addition to the first and second catalysts, the gas stream may be exposed to a plasma. Preferably, the first catalyst is selected as a zeolite, and more preferably a zeolite impregnated with a cation. The cation is preferably selected from the group consisting of an alkaline cation, an alkaline earth cation, and combinations thereof and preferably exhibits pores sizes of greater than 4 angstroms, and more preferably exhibits pores sizes of greater than 7 angstroms. The second catalyst is preferably a null-alumina catalyst, and more preferably a null-alumina catalyst impregnated with transition metals, including, but not limited to, Ag, In and Sn.
    • 一种通过将气流顺序地暴露于第一和第二催化剂来还原气流中的NOx的方法。 第一催化剂将至少一部分气流转化为还原气体,其在第一温度范围内减少NOx的至少一部分,并且其在第一温度范围内吸收至少一部分NOx。 第二催化剂利用由第二催化剂产生的还原气体在第二温度范围内还原NOx的至少一部分。 由第一催化剂产生的还原气体通常是部分氧化的烃,优选醛,更优选乙醛或甲醛。 除了第一和第二催化剂之外,气流可以暴露于等离子体。 优选地,选择第一催化剂作为沸石,更优选选择用阳离子浸渍的沸石。 阳离子优选选自碱性阳离子,碱土金属阳离子及其组合,并且优选显示大于4埃的孔径,更优选地具有大于7埃的孔径。 第二催化剂优选是γ-氧化铝催化剂,更优选浸渍有过渡金属的γ-氧化铝催化剂,包括但不限于Ag,In和Sn。