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1. 发明授权

US4093017A Cores for investment casting process 失效
标题翻译：投资铸造工艺的核心
公开(公告)号：US4093017A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-06
申请号：US644939
申请日：1975-12-29
申请人： John J. Miller, Jr. , Donald L. Eppink , Ted A. Loxley
发明人： John J. Miller, Jr. , Donald L. Eppink , Ted A. Loxley
IPC分类号： C04B35/14 , B22C1/00 , B22C1/08 , B22C9/04 , C04B35/16 , B22C1/02 , B22C9/10 , B22C9/12
CPC分类号： B22C1/00 , B22C9/04 , B22C9/10 , B22D27/045 , B22D27/15 , B22D29/002
摘要： A porous high-silica core is disclosed for use in directional solidification casting processes having exceptional thermal stability at temperatures above 1650.degree. C. and containing mineralizers which promote the formation of cristobalite. The cores may be made by mixing at least 75 parts of essentially pure fused silica particles with 1 to 25 parts of activating particles containing a mineralizer, such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound, may be fired at a temperature of 1000.degree. to 1300.degree. C. until they contain 35 percent or more of cristobalite and may then be cooled to room temperature. They may thereafter be incorporated in a shell mold in accordance with the "lost-wax" process and preheated with the shell mold at a temperature of 1300.degree. to 1600.degree. C. to provide a cristobalite content of 60 to 85 percent or more within a short period of time, such as 10 to 30 minutes, and before a molten superalloy is allowed to flow into the mold. The core has exceptionally high thermal stability and may be maintained at a temperature of 1550.degree. to 1600.degree. C. or higher for one hour or more during the directional solidification process without substantial deformation. The high ultimate use temperature of the core makes it possible to produce better castings by carrying out the D.S. process at a temperature 50.degree. to 100.degree. centigrade higher than previously used.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于定向凝固铸造工艺的多孔高二氧化硅芯，其在高于1650℃的温度下具有优异的热稳定性，并且含有促进方英石形成的矿化剂。芯可以通过将至少75份基本上纯的熔融二氧化硅颗粒与1至25份含有矿化剂如碱金属或碱土金属化合物的活化颗粒混合来制备，可以在1000℃至 1300℃，直到它们含有35％或更多的方英石，然后可以冷却至室温。然后根据“失蜡”方法将它们并入壳模中，并在1300℃至1600℃的温度下用壳模预热，以提供在85℃以内的方晶石含量为60-85％短时间，如10至30分钟，并且在熔融的高温合金流入模具之前。该芯具有非常高的热稳定性，并且在定向凝固过程中可以在1550℃至1600℃或更高的温度下保持1小时或更长时间，而不会发生实质变形。芯的最高使用温度可以通过在比以前使用的温度高50至100℃的温度下进行D.S.工艺来生产更好的铸件。

2. 发明授权

US4236568A Method of casting steel and iron alloys with precision cristobalite cores 失效
标题翻译：铸造精密方英石钢铁和铁合金的方法
公开(公告)号：US4236568A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US966070
申请日：1978-12-04
申请人： David L. Larson
发明人： David L. Larson
IPC分类号： B22C1/00 , B22C1/08 , B22C9/10 , C03B19/06 , C04B35/14
CPC分类号： C04B35/14 , B22C1/00 , C03B19/06 , C03B19/066 , C03B20/00
摘要： Partially devitrified silica cores with exceptional high temperature strength are disclosed for foundry use in sand casting of ferrous alloys. Precision cored holes of small size and long length, which heretofore could not be cast accurately or had to be machined because of limitations in existing core technology, are formed using accurately machined extruded porous silica cores fired to eliminate combustibles and partially devitrified (e.g., 15 to 30%) to develop a strong crystalline phase bond that resists viscous flow at a temperature of 1500.degree. C. and to increase the refractoriness of the vitreous silica grains, whereby the permeability and thermal shock resistance are such that the core can be heated very rapidly by molten steel to above 1500.degree. C. without spalling, cracking, sagging, breaking, or loss of integrity and without gas holes, scabs, fissures or other serious casting defects.The cores are made from an extrudable composition containing vitreous silica, a mineralizer, an organic binder, and a plasticizer and/or tempering fluid. High-purity vitreous silica grains are mixed with a mineralizer and large amounts of finer vitreous silica particles (e.g., below 10 microns) which bond the silica grains together to provide extremely high strength after firing. The extruded cores are fired to form cristobalite in major amounts in the bond region between grains and in minor amounts in surface portions of the silica grains.The sand casting process of the invention can employ hollow porous thin-wall cores having small diameters, such as 0.4 to 2 centimeters or less, and length-to-diameter ratios, such as 20:1 or more. The problem of casting defects due to gassing is solved by causing the expanding gases to move radially inwardly to the central passage of the hollow core.
摘要翻译：公开了具有特别高温强度的部分失透的二氧化硅核心用于铁合金砂铸造中的铸造用途。由于现有的核心技术的限制，迄今为止不能精确地铸造或不得不加工的精密型芯孔，是使用精确加工的挤压多孔二氧化硅芯形成的，所述多孔二氧化硅芯被烧制以消除可燃物并部分失透（例如15 至30％）以形成在1500℃的温度下抵抗粘性流动的强结晶相，并且增加玻璃状二氧化硅颗粒的耐火性，由此可以非常地加热芯的渗透性和耐热冲击性快速地通过钢水在1500℃以上，没有剥落，开裂，下垂，断裂或完整性的丧失，没有气孔，疤痕，裂缝或其他严重的铸造缺陷。芯部由含有玻璃状二氧化硅，矿化剂，有机粘合剂和增塑剂和/或回火流体的可挤出组合物制成。将高纯度二氧化硅玻璃颗粒与矿化剂和大量较细的二氧化硅玻璃颗粒（例如低于10微米）混合，将二氧化硅颗粒粘合在一起，以便在烧制后提供极高的强度。将挤出的核烧成以主要量在晶粒之间的键合区域和少量的二氧化硅颗粒的表面部分中形成方英石。本发明的砂铸造方法可以使用具有小直径的中空多孔薄壁芯，例如0.4至2厘米或更小，长径比例如20:1或更大。通过使膨胀的气体径向向内移动到中空芯的中心通道来解决由于放气引起的缺陷的问题。

3. 发明授权

US4352390A Precision silica cones for sand casting of steel and iron alloys 失效
标题翻译：精密二氧化硅锥体用于钢铁和铁合金的砂型铸造
公开(公告)号：US4352390A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-05
申请号：US186415
申请日：1980-09-12
申请人： David L. Larson
发明人： David L. Larson
IPC分类号： B22C1/00 , C03B19/06 , C04B35/14
CPC分类号： C04B35/14 , B22C1/00 , C03B19/06 , C03B19/066 , C03B20/00
摘要： Partially devitrified silica cores with exceptional high temperature strength are disclosed for foundry use in sand casting of ferrous alloys. Precision cored holes of small size and long length, which heretofore could not be cast accurately or had to be machined because of limitations in existing core technology, are formed using accurately machined extruded porous silica cores fired to eliminate combustibles and partially devitrified (e.g., 15 to 30%) to develop a strong crystalline phase bond that resists viscous flow at a temperature of 1500.degree. C. and to increase the refractoriness of the vitreous silica grains, whereby the permeability and thermal shock resistance are such that the core can be heated very rapidly by molten steel to above 1500.degree. C. without spalling, cracking, sagging, breaking, or loss of integrity and without gas holes, scabs, fissures or other serious casting defects. The cores are made from an extrudable composition containing vitreous silica, a mineralizer, an organic binder, and a plasticizer and/or tempering fluid. High-purity vitreous silica grains are mixed with a mineralizer and large amounts of finer vitreous silica particles (e.g., below 10 microns) which bond the silica grains together to provide extremely high strength after firing. The extruded cores are fired to form cristobalite in major amounts in the bond region between grains and in minor amounts in surface portions of the silica grains. The sand casting process of the invention can employ hollow porous thin-wall cores having small diameters, such as 0.4 to 2 centimeters or less, and length-to-diameter ratios, such as 20:1 or more. The problem of casting defects due to gassing is solved by causing the expanding gases to move radially inwardly to the central passage of the hollow core.
摘要翻译：公开了具有特别高温强度的部分失透的二氧化硅核心用于铁合金砂铸造中的铸造用途。由于现有的核心技术的限制，迄今为止不能精确地铸造或不得不加工的精密型芯孔，是使用精确加工的挤压多孔二氧化硅芯形成的，所述多孔二氧化硅芯被烧制以消除可燃物并部分失透（例如15 至30％）以形成在1500℃的温度下抵抗粘性流动的强结晶相，并且增加玻璃状二氧化硅颗粒的耐火性，由此可以非常地加热芯的渗透性和耐热冲击性快速地通过钢水在1500℃以上，没有剥落，开裂，下垂，断裂或完整性的丧失，没有气孔，疤痕，裂缝或其他严重的铸造缺陷。芯部由含有玻璃状二氧化硅，矿化剂，有机粘合剂和增塑剂和/或回火流体的可挤出组合物制成。将高纯度二氧化硅玻璃颗粒与矿化剂和大量较细的二氧化硅玻璃颗粒（例如低于10微米）混合，将二氧化硅颗粒粘合在一起，以便在烧制后提供极高的强度。将挤出的核烧成以主要量在晶粒之间的键合区域和少量的二氧化硅颗粒的表面部分中形成方英石。本发明的砂铸造方法可以使用具有小直径的中空多孔薄壁芯，例如0.4至2厘米或更小，长径比例如20:1或更大。通过使膨胀的气体径向向内移动到中空芯的中心通道来解决由于放气引起的缺陷的问题。

4. 发明授权

US4109144A Dust collection and illumination system 失效
标题翻译：垃圾收集和照明系统
公开(公告)号：US4109144A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-22
申请号：US603353
申请日：1975-08-11
申请人： Albert J. Vidmar
发明人： Albert J. Vidmar
IPC分类号： B08B15/00 , F21V33/00
CPC分类号： B08B15/002 , F21V33/0088
摘要： An improved dust collection and illumination system is utilized in association with a plurality of work areas at which dust particles are formed during work operations. A combination lamp and dust collector is mounted on a workbench at each of the work areas and is connected with an exhaust manifold which conducts a flow of air and dust particles from the work areas to the intake of a blower. Each combination lamp and dust collector includes a reflector which is connected with the manifold by a flexible conduit and a light bulb which is mounted in the reflector and is effective to illuminate a work surface. Air and dust particles are drawn into the reflector, around the light bulb to cool the bulb, and through the flexible conduit and manifold to the blower. A linkage is utilized to support the reflector above the work surface. This linkage is adjustable to enable the position of the reflector to be changed.

5. 发明授权

US4072489A Vacuum process for avoiding devitrification damage to transparent slip-cast silica crucibles 失效
标题翻译：用于避免透明滑石粉坩埚失透的真空过程
公开(公告)号：US4072489A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-07
申请号：US684730
申请日：1976-05-10
申请人： Ted A. Loxley , Walter G. Barber , Walter W. Combs , John M. Webb
发明人： Ted A. Loxley , Walter G. Barber , Walter W. Combs , John M. Webb
IPC分类号： C03B19/06 , C04B35/14 , C03B23/20 , C03B32/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/14 , C03B19/06 , C03B19/066 , C03B20/00 , Y10S65/04 , Y10S65/08 , Y10S65/13
摘要： A process is disclosed for making vitreous silica crucibles of exceptional high quality for use in the growing of a silicon crystal from molten silicon. The crucibles are formed from fine particles of high purity fused silica by slip casting or other suitable process, are dried and fired to provide a rigid porous body, and are thereafter sintered to a high density, preferably to the transparent state. The invention solves the problem of spalling, blistering and cracking during crystal growing and the resulting contamination of the molten silicon, which has long plagued the industry, by eliminating water from the fused silica particles before the porous body is sintered to the transparent state. Said body is thoroughly dried in a vacuum furnace at a high temperature and at a sub-atmospheric pressure low enough to remove the chemically bound water which cannot be removed by heat alone. The crucibles of this invention retain their transparency and high quality without spalling or introducing microscopic particles of silica into the silicon, thereby making it possible to grow a silicon crystal of highest quality without dislocations and imperfections due to contamination by said particles.
摘要翻译：公开了一种制造用于从熔融硅生长硅晶体的高品质的玻璃状石英坩埚的方法。坩埚由高纯度熔融二氧化硅的细颗粒通过滑移浇铸或其它合适的方法形成，被干燥和烧制以提供刚性多孔体，然后烧结成高密度，优选至透明状态。本发明通过在将多孔体烧结至透明状态之前从熔融二氧化硅颗粒中除去水分，解决了在晶体生长过程中产生剥落，起泡和开裂以及长期困扰工业的熔融硅的污染问题。所述体在真空炉中在高温和低于足够大的低于大气压的气压下彻底干燥，以除去不能单独加热除去的化学结合水。本发明的坩埚保持其透明性和高质量，而不会将硅石的微小颗粒剥落或引入到硅中，从而使得可以生长最高质量的硅晶体，而不会由于所述颗粒的污染而发生位错和缺陷。

6. 发明授权

US3972704A Apparatus for making vitreous silica receptacles 失效
标题翻译：二氧化硅玻璃容器制造装置
公开(公告)号：US3972704A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-03
申请号：US495129
申请日：1974-08-05
申请人： Ted A. Loxley , Walter G. Barber , Walter W. Combs , John M. Webb
发明人： Ted A. Loxley , Walter G. Barber , Walter W. Combs , John M. Webb
IPC分类号： C03B19/06 , C04B35/14 , C03B29/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/14 , C03B19/06 , C03B19/066 , C03B20/00 , Y10S65/04 , Y10S65/08 , Y10S65/13
摘要： Apparatus is disclosed for automated mass production of precision transparent silica glass products in accordance with a unique process in which slip-cast fused silica articles are rapidly heated and sintered in a vacuum or in a helium or hydrogen atmosphere at high temperatures, such as 2950.degree. to 3150.degree.F. A heated graphite susceptor shaped to conform to the outer surface of the fused silica article is automatically moved between a cooling zone and an induction furnace chamber which is opened momentarily to admit the article. The furnace and the graphite susceptor are designed to cause the trapped gases in the article to move radially outwardly and to effect rapid heating so as to avoid substantial devitrification during sintering.
摘要翻译：公开了用于根据独特的方法自动批量生产精密透明石英玻璃产品的装置，其中将滑移熔融石英制品快速加热并在真空中或在诸如2950℃的高温下的氦或氢气氛中烧结到3150°F。加热的石墨基座，其形状适合熔融石英制品的外表面，在冷却区和立即打开以容纳制品的感应炉室之间自动移动。炉和石墨感受器被设计成使制品中的被捕获的气体径向向外移动并实现快速加热，以避免在烧结过程中发生大量的失透。

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