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    • 4. 发明申请
    • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING RFID TAGS FROM POWER ANALYSIS
    • 用于保护电力分析RFID标签的方法和装置
    • US20100005533A1
    • 2010-01-07
    • US12374745
    • 2007-07-30
    • Adi Shamir
    • Adi Shamir
    • G06F11/00G08B29/00
    • G06K19/07363H04L9/003H04L2209/12H04L2209/805
    • RFID tags were believed to be immune to power analysis since they have no direct connection to an external power supply. However, recent research has shown that they s are vulnerable to such attacks, since it is possible to measure their power consumption remotely via a completely passive attack. The method and apparatus of the invention protects RFID tags against simple and differential power attacks. The invention is particularly useful regarding inventory control systems or secure documents such as epassports. The basic technique is to use two capacitors embedded in the RFID tag in lo such a way that at any given time one of them is storing energy that is being generated by the charge pump of the tag that sucks energy from the electromagnetic or magnetic field of a tag reader, and the other one is discharging and powering the computational element of the tag chip.
    • 据信RFID标签对功率分析是免疫的,因为它们不直接连接到外部电源。 然而,最近的研究表明,他们很容易受到这种攻击,因为可以通过完全被动的攻击远程测量其功耗。 本发明的方法和装置保护RFID标签免受简单和差异的电力攻击。 本发明对于库存控制系统或安全文件例如经济考察特别有用。 基本技术是使用嵌入在RFID标签中的两个电容器,使得在任何给定时间,其中一个存储由标签的电荷泵产生的能量,这些能量从电磁场或磁场吸收能量 标签读取器,另一个是对标签芯片的计算元件进行放电和供电。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Method for designing a small antenna matched to an input impedance, and small antennas designed according to the method
    • 用于设计与输入阻抗匹配的小天线的方法,以及根据该方法设计的小天线
    • US07057574B2
    • 2006-06-06
    • US10478234
    • 2001-10-09
    • Adi ShamirMeir Gazit
    • Adi ShamirMeir Gazit
    • H01Q7/00
    • H01Q7/005H01Q1/36H01Q1/38H01Q7/00
    • A method for designing a high performance, small antenna that is matched to a required output impedance, does not require filtering, is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and is easily integrable with an RF power amplifier- with minimum cost, minimum external components and minimum energy losses. The method includes finding a singular point (102) in the impedance vs. antenna geometrical dimension/wavelength ratio graph, the singular point (102) exhibiting a high very high positive reactance, setting the antenna geometry to match this point, and canceling the very high positive reactance (high inductance) resulting from this match by adding to the antenna a very small capacitance, preferably provided by at least one gap capacitor (202) The antenna is preferably a loop antenna (200), and both the antenna and the gap capacitor (202) (204) are preferably implemented by printing methods on printed circuit board or ceramic substrates. The antenna (200) may also be implemented in non-differential designs.
    • 用于设计与所需输出阻抗匹配的高性能小型天线的方法不需要滤波,制造简单且成本低廉,并且可以与RF功率放大器容易地集成 - 具有最小成本,最小外部元件和最小值 能源损失。 该方法包括在阻抗与天线几何尺寸/波长比图中找到奇异点(102),显示出非常高的正电抗高的奇异点(102),将天线几何形状设置为匹配该点,并且取消非常 通过向天线添加非常小的电容,优选由至少一个间隙电容器(202)提供,由该匹配产生的高正电抗(高电感)。天线优选地是环形天线(200),并且天线和间隙 电容器(202)(204)优选通过在印刷电路板或陶瓷基板上的印刷方法来实现。 天线(200)也可以以非差分设计来实现。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Protecting smart cards from power analysis with detachable power supplies
    • 使用可拆卸电源保护智能卡免受电源分析
    • US06507913B1
    • 2003-01-14
    • US09475921
    • 1999-12-30
    • Adi Shamir
    • Adi Shamir
    • H04L900
    • G06K19/073G06F2207/7219
    • A method and apparatus for protecting smart cards against simple and differential power attacks when they are inserted into card readers controlled by other entities. The technique is particularly useful in financial applications such as ATM cards, credit cards, and electronic wallets, in which cards have to be inserted into card readers which may be specifically manufactured or modified to perform undetectable measurements of the power supplied to the card during its normal operation. The basic technique is to use two capacitors embedded in the smart card in such a way that at any given time one of them is charged by the external power supply and the other one is discharged by powering the smart card chip. The roles of the two capacitors alternate rapidly, and the power supply is detached from the smart card chip in the sense that external power measurements do not reveal information about its internal operations.
    • 一种用于在将智能卡插入由其他实体控制的读卡器中时,保护智能卡免受简单和差异电源攻击的方法和装置。 该技术在诸如ATM卡,信用卡和电子钱包的金融应用中特别有用,其中卡必须被插入读卡器中,读卡器可以被特别地制造或修改,以便在其卡片期间提供给卡的功率进行不可检测的测量 普通手术。 基本技术是使用嵌入在智能卡中的两个电容器,使得在任何给定的时间,其中一个电容器由外部电源充电,另一个通过为智能卡芯片供电来放电。 两个电容器的作用迅速交替,并且电源与智能卡芯片分离,这意味着外部功率测量不会显示有关其内部操作的信息。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Circuit tracer
    • 电路示踪器
    • US09240293B2
    • 2016-01-19
    • US13032291
    • 2011-02-22
    • Corey SalkaAdi Shamir
    • Corey SalkaAdi Shamir
    • H01H9/16G01R31/327G01R31/04
    • H01H9/167G01R31/04G01R31/327H01H2300/03Y02B90/224Y04S20/14
    • A circuit tracer for use with circuit breakers equipped with sensors capable of sensing at least a change in the power consumption of the circuit and transmitting, preferably wirelessly, such information. The information is received directly or indirectly by a circuit tracer having a display, the display showing all the circuit breakers equipped with the sensors. Upon changing the load of an electricity outlet, such as a wall outlet, a light source, HVAC, pump, electrical machinery, etc., the sensor equipped circuit breaker provides an indication of such power or current consumption change to the circuit tracer. This allows the user of the circuit tracer to associate on the circuit tracer the circuit breaker with the specific electricity outlet. The association information may be saved on a central server or database for future use.
    • 一种用于具有传感器的断路器的电路示踪器,所述传感器能够至少感测电路的功率消耗的变化并且优选地以无线方式传输这种信息。 该信息由具有显示器的电路示踪器直接或间接接收,显示器显示装备有传感器的所有断路器。 在改变诸如墙壁出口,光源,HVAC,泵,电机等的电力出口的负载时,传感器配备的断路器提供对电路示踪器的这种功率或电流消耗变化的指示。 这允许电路示踪器的用户在电路示踪器上将断路器与特定的电源插座相关联。 关联信息可以保存在中央服务器或数据库上以备将来使用。