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1. 发明授权

US06549210B1 Method and apparatus for cache index hashing 有权
标题翻译：缓存索引散列的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06549210B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09244449
申请日：1999-02-03
申请人： Timothy Van Hook , Anthony P. DeLaurier
发明人： Timothy Van Hook , Anthony P. DeLaurier
IPC分类号： G09G537
CPC分类号： G06T15/04 , G06F12/0864 , G06F12/0875 , G06T1/60 , G06T2200/28
摘要： The invention provides a method of generating cache indexes that reduces the likelihood that adjacent addresses will map to the same cache regions. The hashing process is optimized to be sensitive to small changes in the input data so that similar sets of input data will preferably not result in the same or even similar output data. Memory accesses of the sort performed when rendering graphical images may involve numerous accesses to relatively similar memory locations Therefore, hashing of the index values that determine where the information from the memory locations will be stored while that information is in cache decreases the likelihood of similar memory locations being stored at the same cache location. Consequently, cache efficiency and performance is improved.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种产生缓存索引的方法，该方法降低了相邻地址映射到相同高速缓存区域的可能性。优化散列过程以对输入数据中的小变化敏感，使得类似的输入数据组优选不会产生相同或甚至相似的输出数据。在渲染图形图像时执行的排序的存储器访问可能涉及对相对相似的存储器位置的多次访问。因此，确定在存储器位置的信息的哪个位置将被存储的索引值的散列，同时该信息在高速缓存中降低类似存储器的可能性位置存储在相同的缓存位置。因此，提高了缓存效率和性能。

2. 发明授权

US06490652B1 Method and apparatus for decoupled retrieval of cache miss data 有权
标题翻译：用于缓存未命中数据解耦检索的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06490652B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09244692
申请日：1999-02-03
申请人： Timothy Van Hook , Anthony P. DeLaurier
发明人： Timothy Van Hook , Anthony P. DeLaurier
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F12/0859 , G06F12/0855 , G06F12/0875
摘要： The invention provides a method of operating a cache memory so that operation is optimized. Instead of fetching data immediately upon a cache miss, the present invention continues with subsequent cache accesses. Decoupled from cache access, cache misses are fetched to cache. During operation, for each request in a sequence of data requests, it is determined if the requested data can be found in cache memory. If the data is not found in the cache, the next request in the sequence is processed without first retrieving the data pending from the earlier request. A miss list is generated for each of the requests in the sequence of requests whose data is not found in the cache. The data that is associated with the requests in the miss list is obtained from DRAM and used to satisfy the requests. Some cache lines may have one or more pending hits to data associated with the cache line. Those requests are kept in a pending hits list and processed in order as required. There may also be pending misses kept in a pending misses list where the list contains one or more pending misses to data associated with the cache line. A flag or indicator is set for a cache line when there are misses associated with the cache line.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种操作高速缓冲存储器的方法，使得操作被优化。代替在高速缓存未命中立即获取数据，本发明继续随后的高速缓存访问。从缓存访问中解耦，缓存未命中被提取到缓存。在操作期间，对于数据请求序列中的每个请求，确定是否可以在高速缓冲存储器中找到所请求的数据。如果在高速缓存中没有找到数据，则处理该序列中的下一个请求，而不首先从较早的请求中检索待处理的数据。为缓存中未找到数据的请求序列中的每个请求生成一个未命中列表。与未命中列表中的请求相关联的数据从DRAM获得并用于满足请求。某些高速缓存行可能具有与高速缓存行相关联的数据的一个或多个待处理命中。这些请求保存在待处理的匹配列表中，并根据需要按顺序进行处理。在挂起的未命中列表中还可能存在未决的未命中，其中列表包含与高速缓存行相关联的数据的一个或多个未决命中。当与高速缓存行相关联的未命中时，为高速缓存行设置标志或指示符。

3. 发明授权

US06353438B1 Cache organization—direct mapped cache 有权
标题翻译：缓存组织直接映射缓存
公开(公告)号：US06353438B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-05
申请号：US09244690
申请日：1999-02-03
申请人： Timothy Van Hook , Anthony P. DeLaurier
发明人： Timothy Van Hook , Anthony P. DeLaurier
IPC分类号： G06T1140
CPC分类号： G06T1/60 , G06F12/0864
摘要： The invention provides for cache organization of texture information and a method and apparatus for accessing cached texture information and an index for cached information. Texels are represented in two dimensions and stored in groups referred to as tiles. Cache is configured to contain multiple tiles of texture image data, each tile being stored as a line in the cache. A cache line can be multidimensional (e.g., two or three or more dimensions) and may be viewed as an identifiable storage element in the cache. Memory may consist of a plurality of cache lines. Direct mapped cache may be utilized wherein each DRAM location maps to a single cache line. A tag table contains the tag information for all tiles currently stored in cache. A portion of the texel information may be utilized as an index assigned to a specific cache line. Another portion of the tag information identifies the tile currently stored in cache. A portion of the S bits and a portion of the T bits are utilized as the index and tile information. The tags may be organized into sections (referred to as tag banks) with the cache lines interleaved in two dimensions across the tag banks. Additionally, when mipmapping, the level of detail may be specified as part of the tag information. Cache access requests that are not currently active may also be stored in an interleaved list or queue until they are completed.
摘要翻译：本发明提供纹理信息的缓存组织以及用于访问缓存纹理信息的方法和装置以及用于缓存信息的索引。 Texels以二维表示，并以被称为瓦片的组存储。缓存被配置为包含纹理图像数据的多个瓦片，每个瓦片作为行存储在高速缓存中。高速缓存行可以是多维的（例如，两个或三个或更多个维度），并且可以被视为高速缓存中的可识别存储元件。存储器可以由多条缓存行组成。可以使用直接映射高速缓存，其中每个DRAM位置映射到单个高速缓存行。标签表包含当前存储在缓存中的所有图块的标签信息。纹理信息的一部分可以用作分配给特定高速缓存行的索引。标签信息的另一部分标识当前存储在高速缓存中的瓦片。 S比特的一部分和T比特的一部分被用作索引和瓦片信息。标签可以被组织成部分（称为标签库），其中高速缓存行在两个标签组之间交错。另外，当mipmap时，可以将细节级别指定为标签信息的一部分。当前没有活动的缓存访问请求也可以存储在交错列表或队列中，直到完成。

4. 发明申请

US20100146211A1 Shader Complex with Distributed Level One Cache System and Centralized Level Two Cache 有权
标题翻译：分布式一级缓存系统和集中二级缓存的着色器复合体
公开(公告)号：US20100146211A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-10
申请号：US12476159
申请日：2009-06-01
申请人： Anthony P. DeLaurier , Mark Leather , Robert S. Hartog , Michael J. Mantor , Mark C. Fowler , Marcos P. Zini
发明人： Anthony P. DeLaurier , Mark Leather , Robert S. Hartog , Michael J. Mantor , Mark C. Fowler , Marcos P. Zini
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06T1/20 , G06T1/60 , G09G5/363 , G09G2360/06
摘要： A shader pipe texture filter utilizes a level one cache system as a primary method of storage but with the ability to have the level one cache system read and write to a level two cache system when necessary. The level one cache system communicates with the level two cache system via a wide channel memory bus. In addition, the level one cache system can be configured to support dual shader pipe texture filters while maintaining access to the level two cache system. A method utilizing a level one cache system as a primary method of storage with the ability to have the level one cache system read and write a level two cache system when necessary is also presented. In addition, level one cache systems can allocate a defined area of memory to be sharable amongst other resources.
摘要翻译：着色器管道纹理过滤器使用一级缓存系统作为存储的主要方法，但是在必要时能够使一级缓存系统读取和写入二级缓存系统。一级缓存系统通过宽通道存储器总线与二级缓存系统进行通信。此外，一级缓存系统可以配置为支持双重着色器管道纹理过滤器，同时保持对二级缓存系统的访问。还提出了一种利用一级缓存系统作为主要的存储方法，具有使得一级缓存系统在必要时读取和写入二级缓存系统的能力。此外，一级缓存系统可以分配其他资源之间可共享的定义的内存区域。

5. 发明申请

US20090309896A1 Multi Instance Unified Shader Engine Filtering System With Level One and Level Two Cache 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有一级和二级缓存的多实例统一着色器引擎过滤系统
公开(公告)号：US20090309896A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-17
申请号：US12476202
申请日：2009-06-01
申请人： Anthony P. DeLaurier , Mark Leather , Robert S. Hartog , Michael J. Mantor , Mark C. Fowler , Jeffrey T. Brady , Marcos P. Zini
发明人： Anthony P. DeLaurier , Mark Leather , Robert S. Hartog , Michael J. Mantor , Mark C. Fowler , Jeffrey T. Brady , Marcos P. Zini
IPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G06T1/20
CPC分类号： G06T1/20 , G06T1/60 , G09G5/363 , G09G2360/06
摘要： Apparatus and systems utilizing multiple shader engines where each shader engine comprises multiple rows of shader engine filters combined with level one and level two cache systems. Each unified shader engine filter comprises a shader pipe array, and a texture mapping unit with access to a level one cache system and a level two cache. The shader pipe array accepts texture requests for a specified pixel from a resource and performs associated rendering calculations, outputting texel data. The texture mapping unit retrieves texel data stored in a level one cache system, with the ability to read and write to and from a level two cache system, and through formatting and bilinear filtering interpolations generates a formatted bilinear result based on the specific pixel's neighboring texels. Utilizing multiple rows of shader engine filters within a shader engine allows for the parallel processing of multiple simultaneous resource requests. Utilizing multiple shader engines allows for greater processing through the use of multiple simultaneous processing. A method utilizing multiple shader engines to perform texture mapping is also presented.
摘要翻译：使用多个着色引擎的装置和系统，其中每个着色器引擎包括与一级和二级缓存系统组合的多行着色引擎过滤器。每个统一的着色器引擎过滤器包括着色器管道阵列和具有访问一级缓存系统和二级高速缓存的纹理映射单元。着色器管道数组从资源接收指定像素的纹理请求，并执行关联的渲染计算，输出纹理数据。纹理映射单元检索存储在一级缓存系统中的纹理数据，具有读取和写入二级高速缓存系统的能力，并且通过格式化和双线性过滤内插生成基于特定像素的相邻纹素的格式化双线性结果。在着色器引擎中使用多行着色引擎过滤器可以并行处理多个同时的资源请求。利用多个着色器引擎允许通过使用多个同时处理进行更大的处理。还提出了一种利用多个着色引擎执行纹理映射的方法。

6. 发明申请

US20090295819A1 Floating Point Texture Filtering Using Unsigned Linear Interpolators and Block Normalizations 有权
标题翻译：使用无符号线性内插器和块规范化的浮点纹理过滤
公开(公告)号：US20090295819A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-03
申请号：US12130364
申请日：2008-05-30
申请人： Brian BUCHNER , Anthony P. DeLaurier
发明人： Brian BUCHNER , Anthony P. DeLaurier
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/04 , G06T2200/28 , G09G5/363
摘要： Apparatus and systems utilizing fixed point filtering to perform floating point texture filtering. A texture pipe unit consisting of a texture addressing unit, texture cache unit, and texture filter unit accepts texture requests for a specified pixel from a resource and returns formatted bilinear filtered results based on the specific pixel's corresponding four texels. The texture filtering unit consists of a pre-formatter module, interpolator module, accumulator module and a format module. The pre-formatter module accepts texel data in a floating point or fixed point format. However, if the data is in a floating point format the pre-formatter module converts the floating point data into a normalized fixed point data format whereby the interpolator module may perform its bilinear interpolator functions using standardized fixed point systems and apparatus without necessitating the use of floating point arithmetic units. A method utilizing fixed point filtering to perform floating point texture filtering is also presented.
摘要翻译：利用固定点滤波进行浮点纹理滤波的装置和系统。由纹理寻址单元，纹理缓存单元和纹理滤波器单元组成的纹理管单元从资源接收针对指定像素的纹理请求，并且基于特定像素的相应的四个纹素返回格式化的双线性滤波结果。纹理过滤单元由预格式化模块，插值器模块，累加器模块和格式模块组成。预格式化器模块以浮点或固定点格式接收纹理数据。然而，如果数据是浮点格式，则预格式化器模块将浮点数据转换成归一化的固定点数据格式，由此内插器模块可以使用标准化的固定点系统和装置来执行其双线性内插函数，而不需要使用浮点运算单元。还提出了利用固定点滤波进行浮点纹理滤波的方法。

7. 发明授权

US07129956B2 Variable bit field color encoding 有权
公开(公告)号：US07129956B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-31
申请号：US10394222
申请日：2003-03-24
申请人： Martin Hollis , Anthony P. DeLaurier , Farhad Fouladi
发明人： Martin Hollis , Anthony P. DeLaurier , Farhad Fouladi
IPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , G06T11/001
摘要： A compact image element encoding format selectively allocates a bit field within the format to alternately encode either multi-bit alpha resolution or increased color resolution. This encoding technique may be advantageously used to allocate encoding bits to model semi-transparency while using those same bits for other purposes (e.g., higher color resolution) in instances where semi-transparency is not required (e.g., for opaque image elements). In one advantageous embodiment, the same encoding format can provide either RGB5 or RGB4A3, on an image-element-by-image-element basis. Applications include but are not limited to texture mapping in a 3D computer graphics system such as a home video game system or a personal computer.

8. 发明授权

US06166748A Interface for a high performance low cost video game system with coprocessor providing high speed efficient 3D graphics and digital audio signal processing 失效
标题翻译：用于具有协处理器的高性能低成本视频游戏系统的接口，提供高速高效的3D图形和数字音频信号处理
公开(公告)号：US06166748A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-26
申请号：US990133
申请日：1997-12-12
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Howard H. Cheng , Anthony P. DeLaurier , Carroll P. Gossett , Robert J. Moore , Stephen J. Shepard , Harold S. Anderson , John Princen , Jeffrey C. Doughty , Nathan F. Pooley , Byron Sheppard , Genyo Takeda , Shuhei Kato
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Howard H. Cheng , Anthony P. DeLaurier , Carroll P. Gossett , Robert J. Moore , Stephen J. Shepard , Harold S. Anderson , John Princen , Jeffrey C. Doughty , Nathan F. Pooley , Byron Sheppard , Genyo Takeda , Shuhei Kato
IPC分类号： G09G5/36 , A63F13/00 , A63F13/06 , G06F17/10 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/00 , G10K15/04 , G06T1/00
CPC分类号： G06T1/20 , A63F13/00 , A63F2300/203 , A63F2300/66
摘要： A low cost high performance three dimensional (3D) graphics system is disclosed that can model a world in three dimensions and project the model onto a two dimensional viewing plane selected based on a changeable viewpoint. The viewpoint can be changed on an interactive, real time basis by operating user input controls such as game controllers. The system rapidly produces a corresponding changing image (which can include animated cartoon characters or other animation) on the screen of a color television set.The richly featured high performance low cost system is intended to give consumers the chance to interact in real time right inside magnificent virtual 3D worlds to provide a high degree of image realism, excitement and flexibility. An optimum feature set/architecture (including a custom designed graphics/audio coprocessor) provides high quality fast moving 3D images and digital stereo sound for video game play and other graphics applications. Numerous features provide flexibility and capabilities in a system that is intended to be within the cost range of most consumers.
摘要翻译：公开了一种低成本的高性能三维（3D）图形系统，其可以对三维的世界进行建模，并将模型投影到基于可变视点选择的二维观看平面上。通过操作诸如游戏控制器的用户输入控件，可以在交互式实时的基础上改变观点。该系统在彩色电视机的屏幕上快速产生相应的变化图像（其可以包括动画卡通人物或其他动画）。丰富的高性能低成本系统旨在让消费者有机会在宏伟的虚拟3D世界中实时交互，提供高度的图像现实感，兴奋和灵活性。最佳功能集/架构（包括定制设计的图形/音频协处理器）可为视频游戏和其他图形应用程序提供高质量的快速移动3D图像和数字立体声。许多功能在系统中提供灵活性和功能，旨在在大多数消费者的成本范围内。

9. 发明授权

US08502832B2 Floating point texture filtering using unsigned linear interpolators and block normalizations 有权
标题翻译：使用无符号线性内插器和块标准化的浮点纹理滤波
公开(公告)号：US08502832B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-06
申请号：US12130364
申请日：2008-05-30
申请人： Brian A. Buchner , Anthony P. DeLaurier
发明人： Brian A. Buchner , Anthony P. DeLaurier
IPC分类号： G09G5/00 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/10
CPC分类号： G06T15/04 , G06T2200/28 , G09G5/363
摘要： Apparatus and systems utilizing fixed point filtering to perform floating point texture filtering. A texture pipe unit consisting of a texture addressing unit, texture cache unit, and texture filter unit accepts texture requests for a specified pixel from a resource and returns formatted bilinear filtered results based on the specific pixel's corresponding four texels. The texture filtering unit consists of a pre-formatter module, interpolator module, accumulator module and a format module. The pre-formatter module accepts texel data in a floating point or fixed point format. However, if the data is in a floating point format the pre-formatter module converts the floating point data into a normalized fixed point data format whereby the interpolator module may perform its bilinear interpolator functions using standardized fixed point systems and apparatus without necessitating the use of floating point arithmetic units. A method utilizing fixed point filtering to perform floating point texture filtering is also presented.
摘要翻译：利用固定点滤波进行浮点纹理滤波的装置和系统。由纹理寻址单元，纹理缓存单元和纹理滤波器单元组成的纹理管单元从资源接收针对指定像素的纹理请求，并且基于特定像素的相应的四个纹素返回格式化的双线性滤波结果。纹理过滤单元由预格式化模块，插值器模块，累加器模块和格式模块组成。预格式化器模块以浮点或固定点格式接收纹理数据。然而，如果数据是浮点格式，则预格式化器模块将浮点数据转换成归一化的固定点数据格式，由此内插器模块可以使用标准化的固定点系统和装置来执行其双线性内插函数，而不需要使用浮点运算单元。还提出了利用固定点滤波进行浮点纹理滤波的方法。

10. 发明授权

US07119813B1 Variable bit field encoding 有权
标题翻译：可变位字段编码
公开(公告)号：US07119813B1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-10
申请号：US09585329
申请日：2000-06-02
申请人： Martin Hollis , Anthony P. DeLaurier , Farhad Fouladi
发明人： Martin Hollis , Anthony P. DeLaurier , Farhad Fouladi
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , G06T11/001
摘要： A compact image element encoding format selectively allocates a bit field within the format to alternately encode either multi-bit alpha resolution or increased color resolution. This encoding technique may be advantageously used to allocate encoding bits to model semi-transparency while using those same bits for other purposes (e.g., higher color resolution) in instances where semi-transparency is not required (e.g., for opaque image elements). In one advantageous embodiment, the same encoding format can provide either RGB5 or RGB4A3, on an image-element-by-image-element basis. Applications include but are not limited to texture mapping in a 3D computer graphics system such as a home video game system or a personal computer.
摘要翻译：紧凑的图像元素编码格式选择性地分配格式内的比特字段以交替地编码多比特α分辨率或增加的颜色分辨率。在不需要半透明度的情况下（例如，对于不透明图像元素）的情况下，可以有利地使用该编码技术来分配编码比特来建模半透明度，同时在其中使用相同的比特用于其它目的（例如更高的颜色分辨率）。在一个有利的实施例中，相同的编码格式可以在逐像素元素的基础上提供RGB5或RGB4A3。应用包括但不限于3D计算机图形系统（例如家庭视频游戏系统或个人计算机）中的纹理映射。

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