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1. 发明申请

US20070172601A1 System and method for vaporizing powders 审中-公开
标题翻译：蒸发粉末的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20070172601A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-26
申请号：US11336580
申请日：2006-01-20
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Michael Meekins , Oleg Feygenson , Karl Umstadter
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Michael Meekins , Oleg Feygenson , Karl Umstadter
IPC分类号： C23C8/00 , B05D3/00
CPC分类号： B05D7/00
摘要： A system for vaporizing a powder material incorporates a laser source with an optical arrangement for generating and focusing a laser beam to a focal point. The beam is characterized by having a region with a converging/diverging angle (α), respectively upstream/downstream from the focal point. It also has a power density above a predetermined value within the region. A conduit is provided with a channel, and the laser beam is focused to conform to the region in the channel. A nozzle then directs powdered material into the laser beam at a location upstream from the region for vaporization of the powder material by the laser beam during its transit through the region.
摘要翻译：用于蒸发粉末材料的系统包括具有用于产生和聚焦激光束到焦点的光学装置的激光源。光束的特征在于具有分别在焦点的上游/下游的具有会聚/发散角（α）的区域。在区域内也具有高于预定值的功率密度。导管设置有通道，并且激光束被聚焦以符合通道中的区域。然后，喷嘴然后将粉末材料引导到激光束在该区域上游的位置处，用于在穿过该区域的过程中激光束使粉末材料蒸发。

2. 发明授权

US06730231B2 Plasma mass filter with axially opposed plasma injectors 失效
标题翻译：具有轴向相对等离子体注入器的等离子体质量过滤器
公开(公告)号：US06730231B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-04
申请号：US10115216
申请日：2002-04-02
申请人： Sergei Putvinski
发明人： Sergei Putvinski
IPC分类号： B03C100
CPC分类号： H01J49/328
摘要： A device for separating the constituents of a multi-constituent material includes a substantially cylindrical plasma chamber and two, axially opposed plasma injectors. The injectors convert the multi-constituent material into a multi-species plasma and inject the multi-species plasma into a core portion of the plasma chamber. Ions in the plasma diffuse from the core portion to an annular volume within the chamber where the ions are separated according to their respective mass to charge ratios. To effect separation, electrodes and coils are provided to establish crossed electric and magnetic fields in the annular volume. With the crossed electric and magnetic fields, low-mass ions in the annular volume are placed on small orbit trajectories and drift axially for capture at the ends of the plasma chamber. High-mass ions in the annular volume are placed on large orbit trajectories for capture at the cylindrical wall of the chamber.
摘要翻译：用于分离多组分材料的组分的装置包括基本上圆柱形的等离子体室和两个轴向相对的等离子体注入器。喷射器将多组分材料转化成多种类的等离子体，并将多种类的等离子体注入等离子体室的核心部分。等离子体中的离子从芯部扩散到室内的环状体积，其中离子根据其相应的质荷比分离。为了实现分离，提供电极和线圈以在环形体积中建立交叉的电场和磁场。在交叉电场和磁场中，环形体积中的低质量离子被放置在小轨道轨迹上并且轴向漂移以在等离子体室的端部捕获。环形体积中的高质量离子被放置在大的轨道轨迹上，以便在室的圆柱形壁处捕获。

3. 发明授权

US06398920B1 Partially ionized plasma mass filter 有权
标题翻译：部分电离质量过滤器
公开(公告)号：US06398920B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09790357
申请日：2001-02-21
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller , Sergei Putvinski , Richard L. Freeman
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller , Sergei Putvinski , Richard L. Freeman
IPC分类号： B01J1908
CPC分类号： H01J49/328
摘要： A filter and a method for separating ions in a partially ionized plasma according to their mass includes a chamber with crossed electric and magnetic fields established therein. A feed, including metal atoms having ionization potentials in a low range, and gas atoms having an ionization potential in a high range, is introduced into the chamber. An electron temperature below the low range is generated to partially ionize the feed by dissociating the metal atoms from the gas atoms, and by ionizing the metal atoms into light and heavy ions according to their mass to charge ratio. The light and heavy ions are then influenced by the crossed electric and magnetic fields to separate the light ions from the heavy ions.
摘要翻译：根据其质量的用于分离部分电离等离子体中的离子的过滤器和方法包括在其中建立了交叉的电场和磁场的腔室。将包含电离电位低范围的金属原子和高电离电位的气体原料引入室内。产生低于低范围的电子温度，通过使金属原子与气体原子分离，并通过根据其质荷比将金属原子离子化成轻质和重离子来使进料部分离子化。轻离子和重离子然后被交叉的电场和磁场影响，以将轻离子与重离子分离。

4. 发明授权

US06883729B2 High frequency ultrasonic nebulizer for hot liquids 失效
标题翻译：高频超声雾化器用于热液体
公开(公告)号：US06883729B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-26
申请号：US10453906
申请日：2003-06-03
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Boris V. Kuteev
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Boris V. Kuteev
IPC分类号： B05B17/06 , B22F9/06 , B05B3/04 , A61H1/00 , A61M11/00 , B05B15/00 , B05B17/04
CPC分类号： B05B17/0615 , B22F9/06 , B22F2999/00 , B22F2202/01
摘要： A nebulizer for atomizing a high-temperature liquid includes a truncated, conical concentrator that defines a vertex and that has a small-diameter end and a large-diameter end. The small-diameter end has a spherical-shaped, concave surface and the large-diameter end has a spherical-shaped, convex surface. A piezoelectric transducer has a spherical-shaped, concave surface that is attached to the convex surface of the concentrator. A cylindrical-shaped droplet manifold is positioned over the small-diameter end of the concentrator to create a liquid chamber in the manifold with the vertex inside the liquid chamber. A feeding tube introduces the high-temperature liquid into the liquid chamber until the surface of the liquid reaches the vertex. With an activation of the transducer, acoustic waves that have spherical wavefronts are launched away from the concave surface of the transducer. The concentrator propagates and directs the spherical wavefronts for convergence at the vertex to nebulize the liquid.
摘要翻译：用于雾化高温液体的喷雾器包括限定顶点并且具有小直径端和大直径端的截头圆锥形集中器。小直径端具有球形凹面，大直径端具有球形凸面。压电换能器具有附接到集中器的凸表面的球形凹面。圆柱形液滴歧管定位在聚光器的小直径端上方，以在歧管内产生液体室，顶部位于液体室内。进料管将高温液体引入液体室直到液体的表面到达顶点。通过传感器的激活，具有球面波前的声波远离换能器的凹面发射。集中器传播并引导球面波前在顶点收敛以使液体雾化。

5. 发明授权

US06410880B1 Induction plasma torch liquid waste injector 失效
标题翻译：感应等离子炬液体废液注射器
公开(公告)号：US06410880B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09480097
申请日：2000-01-10
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Stephen F. Agnew , Tihiro Ohkawa , Leigh Sevier
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Stephen F. Agnew , Tihiro Ohkawa , Leigh Sevier
IPC分类号： B23K1000
CPC分类号： H05H1/30 , H05H1/42
摘要： A plasma torch for vaporizing a molten salt containing a volatile component and a refractory component injects the molten salt into a device that includes a cylindrical shaped outer member and a cylindrical shaped inner member coaxially positioned inside the outer member to surround a chamber. An induction coil positioned between the inner and outer members generates r.f. power which is initially used to vaporize the volatile component of the molten salt to create a carrier gas having an elevated temperature. The carrier gas then heats the refractory component, under an increased vapor pressure from the carrier gas. This action, in turn, breaks down the refractory component of the molten salt into fine droplets. These fine droplets are maintained in the chamber until they also vaporize. In one embodiment, the plasma torch includes a nozzle for spraying droplets of the molten salt into said chamber. In another embodiment, a jet is positioned at the entrance of the chamber to direct the molten salt tangentially onto the inner wall. This creates a film of the molten salt which partially evaporates in the chamber. For this embodiment a diverter is positioned at the exit of the chamber to redirect unevaporated molten salt back to the jet for recycling.
摘要翻译：用于蒸发含有挥发性组分和耐火成分的熔融盐的等离子体焰炬将熔融盐注入包括圆筒形外部构件和同轴位于外部构件内部以围绕室的圆柱形内部构件的装置中。定位在内部和外部构件之间的感应线圈产生r.f. 其最初用于蒸发熔融盐的挥发性组分以产生具有升高的温度的载气。然后，载体气体在来自载气的增加的蒸气压下加热耐火构件。这一动作又将熔融盐的难熔组分分解成细小的液滴。这些细小的液滴保持在室中，直到它们也蒸发。在一个实施例中，等离子体焰炬包括用于将熔融盐的液滴喷射到所述室中的喷嘴。在另一个实施例中，射流位于腔室的入口处，以将熔融盐切向地引导到内壁上。这产生了在室中部分蒸发的熔盐的膜。对于该实施例，转向器位于腔室的出口处，以将未蒸发的熔融盐重新定向到喷射器以进行再循环。

6. 发明授权

US06773558B2 Fluorine generator 失效
标题翻译：氟发生器
公开(公告)号：US06773558B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-10
申请号：US10272513
申请日：2002-10-15
申请人： Stephen F. Agnew , Sergei Putvinski
发明人： Stephen F. Agnew , Sergei Putvinski
IPC分类号： C23C1432
CPC分类号： C01B7/20 , H01J37/32422
摘要： A fluorine generator includes a vacuum chamber filled with a working gas. An r-f antenna is positioned outside the chamber across a dielectric window from a potassium fluoride (KF) source located in the chamber. The r-f antenna radiates through the window to heat the working gas and sublime the PK source to create a plasma. Crossed electric and magnetic fields in the chamber drive the heavier potassium ions in the plasma toward a collector in the chamber while confining the lighter fluorine and working gas ions for evacuation from the chamber.
摘要翻译：氟发生器包括填充有工作气体的真空室。 r-f天线位于室外，穿过来自位于腔室中的氟化钾（KF）源的介电窗口。 r-f天线通过窗口辐射，以加热工作气体并升高PK源以产生等离子体。室内的交叉电场和磁场将等离子体中的较重的钾离子驱动到腔室中的收集器，同时限制较轻的氟和工作气体离子以从腔室排出。

7. 发明授权

US06632369B2 Molten salt collector for plasma separations 失效
标题翻译：用于等离子体分离的熔盐收集器
公开(公告)号：US06632369B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-14
申请号：US09903304
申请日：2001-07-11
申请人： Brian P. Cluggish , Stephen F. Agnew , Sergei Putvinski
发明人： Brian P. Cluggish , Stephen F. Agnew , Sergei Putvinski
IPC分类号： B01D3506
CPC分类号： H01J49/28
摘要： A collector for use in removing metal ions from a plasma in a vacuum chamber includes a collector plate that is mounted inside the chamber and formed with an internal cooling channel. An injector introduces a dissociated salt into the chamber with a first throughput value, and it introduces a plasma including metal ions into the chamber with a lower second throughput value. A pump is used to pump a liquid coolant through the cooling channel to maintain the collector plate at a temperature that forms a portion of the salt as a protective layer on the collector plate, and causes the salt to thereafter deposit on the layer in a molten condition at a faster rate than evaporation therefrom to trap metal ions therein. The trapped metal ions are then removed with the molten salt from the chamber.
摘要翻译：用于从真空室中的等离子体中除去金属离子的集电器包括安装在室内并形成有内部冷却通道的集电板。注射器将解离的盐引入具有第一吞吐量值的室中，并且以较低的第二吞吐量值将包含金属离子的等离子体引入室中。泵用于通过冷却通道泵送液体冷却剂，以将集电板保持在形成作为集电板上的保护层的盐的一部分的温度，并且使盐然后在熔融层中沉积在层上条件比其蒸发速度更快以捕获其中的金属离子。然后用熔融盐从室中除去捕获的金属离子

8. 发明授权

US06326627B1 Mass filtering sputtered ion source 失效
标题翻译：质量过滤溅射离子源
公开(公告)号：US06326627B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-04
申请号：US09630847
申请日：2000-08-02
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Vadim Volosov
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Vadim Volosov
IPC分类号： G21K108
CPC分类号： G21K1/087
摘要： A device and method for separating ions uses electric and magnetic fields that are specifically configured and oriented in a vacuum chamber. Also, a central electrode that is made of the materials whose ions are to be separated is positioned in the chamber. Magnetic coils mounted on the chamber generate a magnetic field, B, that is oriented parallel to the central electrode and is configured with a disk-shaped magnetic mirror at one end of the chamber, and an annular-shaped magnetic mirror at the other end. A plurality of electrodes generate an electric field, E, that is oriented perpendicular to the central electrode. In operation, neutral atoms in the chamber are ionized by the electric field. The electric field, however, is specifically configured to confine relatively lighter mass ions in the chamber. These ions are then subsequently removed from the chamber through the opening in the annular-shaped magnetic mirror. Simultaneously, the electric field directs the heavier mass ions into contact with the central electrode, to thereby sputter the electrode and generate additional neutral atoms for ionization in a sustained operation.
摘要翻译：用于分离离子的装置和方法使用在真空室中特别配置和取向的电场和磁场。另外，由离子分离的材料制成的中心电极位于腔室内。安装在腔室上的磁线圈产生磁场B，磁场B平行于中心电极定向，并且在腔的一端配置有盘形磁镜，另一端形成环形磁镜。多个电极产生垂直于中心电极定向的电场E。在操作中，室中的中性原子被电场电离。然而，电场被特别地配置成将相对较轻的质量离子限制在腔室中。然后，这些离子随后通过环形磁性镜中的开口从腔室移出。同时，电场引导较重的质量离子与中心电极接触，从而溅射电极并在持续的操作中产生用于电离的额外的中性原子。

9. 发明授权

US06251282B1 Plasma filter with helical magnetic field 失效
标题翻译：带螺旋磁场的等离子体滤波器
公开(公告)号：US06251282B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09456795
申请日：1999-12-08
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Tihiro Ohkawa , Richard L. Freeman
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Tihiro Ohkawa , Richard L. Freeman
IPC分类号： B03C100
CPC分类号： B03C1/023 , B03C1/288 , H01J49/328
摘要： A plasma mass filter using a helical magnetic field for separating low-mass particles from high-mass particles in a multi-species plasma includes a cylindrical outer wall located at a distance “a” from a longitudinal axis. Also included is a coaxial cylindrical inner wall positioned to establish a plasma chamber between the inner and outer walls. The magnetic field is generated in this chamber with an axial component (Bz) and an azimuthal component (B&thgr;), which interact together with an electric field to create crossed magnetic and electric fields. The electric field has a positive potential, Vctr, on the inner wall and a zero potential on the outer wall. With these crossed magnetic and electric fields, a multi-species plasma is moved through the chamber with a velocity, vz, high-mass particles in the plasma (M2) are ejected into the outer wall and low-mass particles (M1) are confined in the chamber during transit of the chamber to separate the low-mass particles from the high-mass particles, where M1
摘要翻译：使用螺旋磁场的等离子体质量过滤器用于从多质量等离子体中的高质量粒子分离低质量粒子包括位于距纵向轴线“a”的圆柱形外壁。还包括定位成在内壁和外壁之间建立等离子体室的同轴圆柱形内壁。在该腔室中产生具有轴向分量（Bz）和方位角分量（Btheta）的磁场，其与电场相互作用以产生交叉的磁场和电场。电场在内壁上具有正电位Vctr，在外壁上具有零电位。通过这些交叉的磁场和电场，多品种等离子体以等离子体（M2）中的速度，vz，高质量粒子的速度被移动通过室，并且低质量粒子（M1）被限制在室内运送期间，将低质量颗粒与高质量颗粒分离，其中M1

10. 发明授权

US06639222B2 Device and method for extracting a constituent from a chemical mixture 失效
公开(公告)号：US06639222B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09999053
申请日：2001-11-15
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Vadim Volosov
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Vadim Volosov
IPC分类号： G21K108
CPC分类号： C22B4/005 , C22B7/001 , H05H1/50 , H05H2240/00 , Y02P10/214
摘要： A device for separating a chemical mixture into its constituents includes a central cathode that is aligned axially within a cylindrical plasma chamber. An anode, made of the chemical mixture requiring separation is positioned near the cylindrical wall of the plasma chamber. A working gas is introduced into the chamber to sputter the chemical mixture into the plasma chamber where it is dissociated and ionized. To reduce the unwanted loss of the central cathode due to sputtering by the working gas, the central cathode is formed with a plurality of radial projections that extend outwardly from the axis of the cylindrical plasma chamber. These radial projections act to capture sputtered cathode material before it is lost to the plasma. Once the chemical mixture has been ionized in the plasma chamber, the ions are separated, according to their respective mass to charge ratio, using crossed electric and magnetic fields.

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