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1. 发明授权

US06652805B2 Highly filled composites of powdered fillers and polymer matrix 失效
标题翻译：粉末填料和聚合物基体的高填充复合材料
公开(公告)号：US06652805B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09973347
申请日：2001-10-05
申请人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger , Kenneth S. Yao
发明人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger , Kenneth S. Yao
IPC分类号： B22F300
CPC分类号： B22F3/227 , B01F2013/1086 , B01J2219/00094 , B22F1/0059 , B22F3/20 , B22F3/22 , B22F2998/00 , B29B7/401 , B29B7/88 , B29B7/90 , B29C47/00 , B29C47/0019 , B29C47/50 , B29C67/242 , B29C70/58 , B29K2021/00 , B29K2105/16 , B29K2503/04 , C08K3/01 , C22C32/0094 , H01L23/145 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/3011 , H05K1/0306 , H05K1/0373 , H05K3/022 , H05K2201/0209 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Highly filled composite materials, e.g. comprising approximately 60 volume % or greater of finely powdered particles of filler in a polymer matrix, are made by dissolving polymer in a volatilisable solvent, adding filler and forming a homogeneous mixture by high shear mixing. Most solvent is then removed while maintaining homogeneity in the mixture, preferably by evaporation in a high shear mill. Then, extruding a thin layer of the composite material and removing remaining solvent, as by heating. Bodies are formed from the dried layer, which are heated and pressed to melt and disperse melted polymer into the interstices between filler particles. Thereby, certain polymers unusable at low solids contents become effective bonding materials at high solids contents. Filler materials are chosen to tailor electrical and physical properties of the articles, which may comprise substrates for electronic circuits. Suitable polymers are certain polyarylene ethers soluble in cyclohexanone.
摘要翻译：高填充复合材料，例如通过将聚合物溶解在可挥发的溶剂中，加入填料并通过高剪切混合形成均匀的混合物来制备聚合物基体中约60体积％或更多的细粉末填料颗粒。然后除去大部分溶剂，同时保持混合物中的均匀性，优选通过在高剪切研磨机中蒸发。然后，通过加热挤出复合材料的薄层并除去剩余的溶剂。主体由干燥层形成，被加热和压制以熔化并将熔融的聚合物分散到填料颗粒之间的空隙中。因此，在低固体含量下不能使用的某些聚合物成为高固体含量的有效粘合材料。选择填充材料来定制物品的电气和物理性质，其可以包括用于电子电路的基底。合适的聚合物是可溶于环己酮的某些聚亚芳基醚。

2. 发明授权

US06787246B2 Manufacture of flat surfaced composites comprising powdered fillers in a polymer matrix 失效
标题翻译：在聚合物基质中制备包含粉末状填料的平面状复合材料
公开(公告)号：US06787246B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-07
申请号：US09973290
申请日：2001-10-05
申请人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger , Kenneth S. Yao
发明人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger , Kenneth S. Yao
IPC分类号： B23K3536
CPC分类号： B32B15/16 , B29C43/02 , B29C43/146 , B29C70/58 , B29K2503/04 , B29L2031/772 , B32B5/30 , B32B15/20 , B32B2264/10 , B32B2457/00 , Y10T428/12028 , Y10T428/24942 , Y10T428/2495 , Y10T428/25
摘要： Composite materials, particularly those that are highly filled, e.g. comprising about 60 to 70 volume % of finely powdered filler material in a polymer matrix, are made by dissolving the polymer in a volatilisable solvent and forming a homogeneous mixture of the components by high shear mixing. The solvent is then removed while maintaining complete homogeneity in the mixture by evaporating much of the solvent in a high shear mill, then extruding an extremely thin film or tape (e.g. 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in)) from which the remaining solvent is removed by heating without introducing any appreciable non-uniformity, such as bubble holes. Required bodies are formed from the dried film or tape by stacking the thin coherent layers, typically about 6 to 120, then heating and pressing the stack in a mold melting the polymer, uniting the separate layers and dispersing the melted polymer into the interstices between the filler particles.
摘要翻译：复合材料，特别是高度填充的材料，例如。通过将聚合物溶解在可挥发溶剂中并通过高剪切混合形成组分的均匀混合物来制备聚合物基体中约60至70体积％的细粉末状填料。然后除去溶剂，同时通过在高剪切研磨机中蒸发大量溶剂，同时保持完全均匀的混合物，然后挤出非常薄的薄膜或带（例如0.0125mm（0.0005in）），通过加热除去剩余的溶剂而不引入任何明显的不均匀性，如气泡孔。通过将薄的粘合层堆叠在一起，通常为约6至120，然后在堆叠中熔化聚合物的模具中加热和压制所需的主体，从而将分离的层结合在一起并将熔化的聚合物分散到填料颗粒。

3. 发明授权

US06830806B2 Methods of manufacture of electric circuit substrates and components having multiple electric characteristics and substrates and components so manufactured 失效
标题翻译：具有多个电气特性的电路基板和部件的制造方法以及如此制造的基板和部件
公开(公告)号：US06830806B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-14
申请号：US10121631
申请日：2002-04-11
申请人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger
发明人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger
IPC分类号： B32B300
CPC分类号： H05K1/167 , H01L23/145 , H01L2224/48227 , H01L2224/73265 , H01L2924/30107 , H01L2924/3011 , H01P11/003 , H05K1/024 , H05K1/095 , H05K1/162 , H05K1/165 , H05K3/207 , H05K2201/0187 , H05K2201/0209 , Y10T428/24917 , Y10T428/249994 , Y10T428/249998 , Y10T428/25 , H01L2924/00
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods for producing substrates for electric circuits, particularly ultra high frequency circuits, and electric components for mounting thereon employing for the purpose mixtures of polymers and finely powdered filler materials, the latter having specific electric characteristics, such as dielectric constant and/or resistivity. Any one substrate or component can be manufactured to have at least two body regions, and even multiple body regions, each of which has a different characteristic such as dielectric constant or resistivity. The regions can be formed separately as substrate or component preforms and thereafter placed together in a mold and united into a single body by a heating and pressing operation that at least melts polymer at the junctions to bond them together. If necessary, the heat and pressure conditions are such as to melt the polymer and force it uniformly into the interstices between the filler particles to form a strong, unitary body. The characteristics can be specifically chosen to assist in impedance matching facilitating the circuit design. Articles produced according to the methods of the invention can be made to have fixed external physical dimensions despite differences in the sizes of the operative elements therein; one of the body regions can encapsulate the other region or regions to simultaneously package them. In addition to significantly increasing ease of circuit design, the components themselves, when manufactured according to the methods of the invention, require fewer additional steps than many common prior art methods.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于生产用于电路的基板，特别是超高频电路的方法，以及用于安装其上的用于聚合物和细粉末填料的混合物的电气部件，后者具有特定的电特性，例如介电常数和/或电阻率。任何一个基板或部件都可以制造成具有至少两个主体区域，甚至多个主体区域，每个主体区域具有不同的特性，例如介电常数或电阻率。这些区域可以单独形成为基底或部件预制件，然后通过加热和压制操作一起放置在模具中并结合成单个主体，其至少在接合处熔融聚合物以将它们结合在一起。如果需要，热和压力条件是使聚合物熔化并将其均匀地压入填料颗粒之间的空隙中以形成坚固的整体。可以特别选择特性来协助阻抗匹配，从而有助于电路设计。根据本发明的方法制造的制品可以具有固定的外部物理尺寸，尽管其中的操作元件的尺寸有差异; 身体区域之一可以封装其他区域或区域以同时包装它们。除了显着增加电路设计的容易性之外，当根据本发明的方法制造时，组件本身需要比许多常见的现有技术方法更少的附加步骤。

4. 发明授权

US06717715B2 Flexureless magnetic micromirror assembly 失效
标题翻译：无挠性磁性微镜组件
公开(公告)号：US06717715B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-06
申请号：US09917188
申请日：2001-07-27
申请人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger
发明人： Richard A. Holl , Philip L. Lichtenberger
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/3564 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/3572 , G02B6/3582 , G02B7/1828 , G02B26/0816 , G02B26/085
摘要： A micro-optical switch including a flexureless magnetic micromirror hinged centrally over a pin, cone or the like. The pin, cone or the like allows the micromirror to rapidly switch or tilt into a plurality of predefined positions as accurately controlled by an microelectromagnetic assembly. A liquid surrounds the pin or cone, connects the bottom of the surface of the mirror with the substrate supporting the pin or cone, and provides a capillary force holding the mirror onto the pin or cone. The liquid low vapor pressure also dissipates heat generated by the fiberoptic beam reflecting off the top surface of the micromirror.
摘要翻译：一种微型光学开关，其包括在销，锥体等上方中心地铰接的无挠性磁性微反射镜。销，锥体等允许微镜快速切换或倾斜成由微电磁组件精确控制的多个预定位置。液体围绕销或锥体，将反射镜表面的底部与支撑销或锥体的基板连接，并提供将镜子保持在销或锥体上的毛细力。液体低蒸汽压力也消散了由微反射镜反射离开微镜顶表面产生的热量。

5. 发明授权

US07575728B2 Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore 有权
标题翻译：因此采用多个连续的化学反应过程步骤和装置的方法
公开(公告)号：US07575728B2
公开(公告)日：2009-08-18
申请号：US11457435
申请日：2006-07-13
申请人： Richard A. Holl , Eric A. Gulliver , James E. Doss
发明人： Richard A. Holl , Eric A. Gulliver , James E. Doss
IPC分类号： B01J8/04 , B01J10/00 , B01J19/00 , B01J19/18
CPC分类号： B01F7/008 , B01F15/065 , B01J19/0093 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2219/00096 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00867 , B01J2219/00869 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00889 , C07C51/09 , C07C51/265 , C07C63/26 , C07C63/04
摘要： The present disclosure provides processes and apparatus for the production of materials requiring a plurality of chemical reaction steps. In the prior art the number of reaction vessels is minimized by performing two or more reactions together in the same vessel. Instead each process is separated into separate successive steps, in each of which at least two principal components are reacted together, with or without at least one catalyst. In each step the components are reacted under optimum condition for that reaction, using motion-augmented, sub-Kolmogoroff, micro-agitation provided by a separate discrete motor-operated, micro-agitation means. Such means are much smaller in size, but are extremely flexible as to the flow rate and reaction conditions, so that they can be adjusted to suit the reaction, without compromises dictated by attempting to perform other reactions in the same vessel. Multiple micro-agitation means in parallel or in series can be used in each step to increase capacity without scale-up problems, and units can be serviced or capacity reduced without the need to close down the process. Motor-operated micro-agitation means performing a non-chemical action can be provided at any stage of the process. Between each two steps the resultant mixture is separated to give a principal component used in the subsequent step, while at least one new principal component is added in the next step.
摘要翻译：本公开提供了用于生产需要多个化学反应步骤的材料的方法和装置。在现有技术中，通过在同一容器中一起进行两次以上的反应来使反应容器的数量最小化。相反，每个过程被分离成单独的连续步骤，其中每个过程中至少两个主要组分一起反应，具有或不具有至少一种催化剂。在每个步骤中，组分在该反应的最佳条件下反应，使用运动增强的次Kolmogoroff，通过单独的分立的电动操作的微搅拌装置提供的微搅拌。这种方式的尺寸要小得多，但是对于流速和反应条件来说是非常灵活的，因此可以调整它们以适应反应，而不受试图在同一容器中进行其它反应所规定的折中。可以在每个步骤中使用并联或串联的多个微搅拌装置，以增加容量而不会出现放大问题，并且可以在不需要关闭过程的情况下对单元进行维修或降低容量。可以在该过程的任何阶段提供执行非化学作用的电动微搅拌装置。在每两个步骤之间，分离所得混合物以产生在后续步骤中使用的主要组分，而在下一步骤中加入至少一种新的主要组分。

6. 发明授权

US06994330B2 Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions 失效
标题翻译：高剪切气液反应方法
公开(公告)号：US06994330B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US10857305
申请日：2004-05-28
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01F3/04
CPC分类号： B01F7/008 , B01F7/005 , B01F7/12 , B01F13/0001 , B01F15/00714 , B01F15/00844 , B01F15/00909 , B01F15/06 , B01F2013/1086 , B01F2013/1091 , B01J19/082 , B01J19/10 , B01J19/122 , B01J19/125 , B01J19/126 , B01J19/127 , B01J19/18 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2208/00 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/00141 , B01J2219/00146 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/00168 , B01J2219/0888 , B01J2219/1227 , B01J2219/182 , B01J2219/1943 , B22F2998/00 , B29B7/401 , B29B7/90 , B29C47/0009 , B29C47/50 , B29K2021/00 , B29K2105/16 , B29K2503/04 , C02F1/30 , C02F1/302 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/36 , C08K3/01 , F28D11/02 , C22C32/0094
摘要： A reactor produces a gas-in-liquid emulsion for providing increased interfacial contact area between the liquid and the gas for improved reaction of the gas with the liquid, or more rapid solution or reaction of a difficulty to dissolve or immiscible gas in or with a liquid. The reactor is suitable for a continuous or batch type process. Rotor and stator cylindrical members are mounted for relative rotation one to the other and have opposing surfaces spaced to form an annular processing passage. The gap distance between the opposing surfaces and the relative rotation rate of the cylindrical members are such as to cause formation of a gas-in-liquid emulsion of the gas in the liquid, as the liquid and gas pass through the processing passage.
摘要翻译：反应器产生液体 - 液体乳液，用于在液体和气体之间提供增加的界面接触面积，以改善气体与液体的反应，或者更难以溶解或不溶于或不与之混合的气体的溶液或反应液体。反应器适用于连续或间歇式过程。转子和定子圆柱形构件安装成彼此相对旋转并且具有相对的表面间隔开以形成环形处理通道。当液体和气体通过处理通道时，相对表面之间的间隙距离和圆柱形构件的相对旋转速率使得气体在液体中形成液体液体乳液。

7. 发明授权

US4593754A Shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and process therefor 失效
标题翻译：壳管式传热装置及其加工方法
公开(公告)号：US4593754A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-10
申请号：US767254
申请日：1985-08-21
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： F15D1/06 , F28F13/00 , F28F13/02 , F28F9/24 , F28F13/08
CPC分类号： F28F13/003 , F15D1/06 , F28F13/02 , Y10S165/40 , Y10S165/907
摘要： Shell and tube heat transfer apparatus and a corresponding process of heat transfer employ a fluid flow consisting of non-turbulent boundary-layers adjacent the inner and outer heat exchanger surfaces of the tubes and a non-turbulent core-layer between the boundary-layers and interfacing therewith. Interrupter-structures disposed within the tube and shell flow passes and interrupt the full development of the boundary-layers at a multitude of spaced spots, leaving the heat transfer surfaces unaltered, unmodified and uninterrupted, so that the boundary-layers cannot increase in thickness but will partially separate from the surfaces and mix non-turbulently with the core-layer to effect the required heat transfer between the surfaces and the fluid. The interrupter-structure preferably consists of a plurality of rows of spheres, with which the space remote from the heat exchange surface is filled with a space-filling material to prevent the useless flow of fluid in a space not effective for heat transfer. The interrupter structure may also comprise a unitary body of equivalent shape.
摘要翻译：壳和管传热装置和相应的传热过程采用由邻近管的内部和外部热交换器表面的非湍流边界层组成的流体流和边界层之间的非湍流核心层和与其接口。设置在管和壳体流中的断路器结构在多个间隔的位置处通过并中断了边界层的充分发展，使得传热表面不变，未改变和不间断，使得边界层的厚度不能增加，将部分地从表面分离并且与芯层非紊乱地混合以实现表面和流体之间所需的热传递。断路器结构优选地由多排球体组成，远离热交换表面的空间用空间填充材料填充，以防止在对热传递无效的空间中的无用流体流动。断路器结构还可以包括相同形状的整体。

8. 发明授权

US08298493B2 Heat exchange apparatus 失效
标题翻译：换热装置
公开(公告)号：US08298493B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-30
申请号：US12972319
申请日：2010-12-17
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： F28D21/00 , B01J8/08
CPC分类号： F28D11/04 , B01F7/008 , B01F15/065 , B01J19/247 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/00189 , B01J2219/00243 , B01J2219/00247 , F28D2021/0022 , F28F13/02 , F28F19/00
摘要： The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange. The exchanger is intended principally for use in combination with a spinning tube in tube reactor with a very small annular cross section reaction passage between them, the exchanger also being of tubular form with the stator tube constituting a wall of the heat exchanger.
摘要翻译：热交换装置为热交换流体提供一个流动通道，其包括一系列流动通道腔室部分，这些通道腔室部分通过横截面较小的横截面较小的节流孔形成通路部分相互间隔开，因此流动通道部分横向于流动方向热交换流体在节气门形成部分中比在室部分中以更高的速度移动。流体以使得其在节气门形成部分中的速度足够高以减小通道壁上的流体边界层的厚度从而促进热交换的速率移动。或者或另外，速度足够高以至少降低通道壁表面的结垢速率。或者或另外，流体作为涡流涡流流动，沿着通道的室部分的间隔使得建立了提高热交换速率的尾流干扰流。交换器主要用于与管式反应器中的纺丝管组合使用，其间具有非常小的环形横截面反应通道，交换器也是管状形式，定子管构成热交换器的壁。

9. 发明授权

US07098360B2 Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore 失效
标题翻译：因此采用多个连续的化学反应过程步骤和装置的方法
公开(公告)号：US07098360B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-29
申请号：US10197093
申请日：2002-07-16
申请人： Richard A. Holl , James E. Doss , Eric A. Gulliver
发明人： Richard A. Holl , James E. Doss , Eric A. Gulliver
IPC分类号： C07C67/00 , C07C51/255
CPC分类号： B01F7/008 , B01F15/065 , B01J19/0093 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2219/00096 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00867 , B01J2219/00869 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00889 , C07C51/09 , C07C51/265 , C07C63/26 , C07C63/04
摘要： The invention provides processes and apparatus for the production of materials requiring a plurality of chemical reaction steps. In the prior art the number of reaction vessels is minimized by performing two or more reactions together in the same vessel. Instead each process is separated into separate successive steps, in each of which at least two principal components are reacted together, with or without at least one catalyst. In each step the components are reacted under optimum conditions for that reaction, using motion-augmented, sub-Kolmogoroff, micro-agitation provided by a separate discrete motor-operated, micro-agitation means. Such means are much smaller in size, but are extremely flexible as to the flow rate and reaction conditions, so that they can be adjusted to suit the reaction, without compromises dictated by attempting to perform other reactions in the same vessel. Multiple micro-agitation means in parallel and/or in series can be used in each step to increase capacity without scale-up problems, and units can be serviced or capacity reduced without the need to close down the process. Motor-operated micro-agitation means performing a non-chemical action can be provided at any stage of the process. Between each two steps the resultant mixture is separated to give a principal component used in the subsequent step, while at least one new principal component is added in the next step. The materials to be produced preferably comprise organic di-carboxylic acids, and more preferably dimethyl terephthalate and terephthalic acid.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于生产需要多个化学反应步骤的材料的方法和装置。在现有技术中，通过在同一容器中一起进行两次以上的反应来使反应容器的数量最小化。相反，每个过程被分离成单独的连续步骤，其中每个过程中至少两个主要组分一起反应，具有或不具有至少一种催化剂。在每个步骤中，组分在该反应的最佳条件下进行反应，使用运动增强的次Kolmogoroff，通过单独的分立的电动操作的微搅拌装置提供的微搅动。这种方式的尺寸要小得多，但是对于流速和反应条件来说是非常灵活的，因此可以调整它们以适应反应，而不受试图在同一容器中进行其它反应所规定的折中。可以在每个步骤中使用并联和/或串联的多个微搅拌装置，以增加容量而不会出现放大问题，并且可以在不需要关闭过程的情况下对单元进行维修或降低容量。可以在该过程的任何阶段提供执行非化学作用的电动微搅拌装置。在每两个步骤之间，分离所得混合物以产生在后续步骤中使用的主要组分，而在下一步骤中加入至少一种新的主要组分。待生产的材料优选包含有机二羧酸，更优选对苯二甲酸二甲酯和对苯二甲酸。

10. 发明授权

US06742774B2 Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions 失效
标题翻译：高剪切气液反应方法
公开(公告)号：US06742774B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US09894996
申请日：2001-06-27
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01F304
CPC分类号： B01F7/008 , B01F7/005 , B01F7/12 , B01F13/0001 , B01F15/00714 , B01F15/00844 , B01F15/00909 , B01F15/06 , B01F2013/1086 , B01F2013/1091 , B01J19/082 , B01J19/10 , B01J19/122 , B01J19/125 , B01J19/126 , B01J19/127 , B01J19/18 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2208/00 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/00141 , B01J2219/00146 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/00168 , B01J2219/0888 , B01J2219/1227 , B01J2219/182 , B01J2219/1943 , B22F2998/00 , B29B7/401 , B29B7/90 , B29C47/0009 , B29C47/50 , B29K2021/00 , B29K2105/16 , B29K2503/04 , C02F1/30 , C02F1/302 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/36 , C08K3/01 , F28D11/02 , C22C32/0094
摘要： A reactor produces a gas-in-liquid emulsion for providing increased interfacial contact area between the liquid and the gas for improved reaction of the gas with the liquid, or more rapid solution or reaction of a difficulty soluble or immiscible gas in or with a liquid. The reactor is suitable for a continuous or batch type process. Rotor and stator cylindrical members are mounted for rotation relative to one another and have opposing surfaces spaced to form an annular processing passage. The gap distance between the opposing surfaces and the relative rotation rate of the cylindrical members are such as to form a gas-in-liquid emulsion of the gas in the liquid. The liquid and gas pass through the processing passage, changing into the gas-in-liquid emulsion.
摘要翻译：反应器产生液体 - 液体乳液，用于在液体和气体之间提供增加的界面接触面积，以改善气体与液体的反应，或者在液体中或液体中与难溶于或不混溶的气体的更快速溶液或反应。反应器适用于连续或间歇式过程。转子和定子圆柱形构件安装成相对于彼此旋转并且具有间隔开的相对表面以形成环形处理通道。相对表面之间的间隙距离和圆柱形构件的相对旋转速度使得形成液体中气体的液体 - 液体乳液。液体和气体通过处理通道，改变成液体 - 液体乳液。

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