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1. 发明授权

US06489578B1 Electrical switch 有权
标题翻译：电开关
公开(公告)号：US06489578B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09646008
申请日：2001-07-11
申请人： Peter Jung , Gerhard Niklewski , Klaus Merkel
发明人： Peter Jung , Gerhard Niklewski , Klaus Merkel
IPC分类号： H01H906
CPC分类号： H01H9/063 , B25D2250/261
摘要： An electrical switch (4), in particular for electric hand tools (1), such as electric drills, hammer drills, electric screwdrivers or the like, has an actuating member (5) that can be moved from an initial position into an operating position. In the operating position, the actuation member (5) acts, for example, to switch a contact system or to adjust a potentiometer. In addition, the switch (4) has a movable actuating element (13) which, when it is moved, acts to actuate a first device the actuating element (13) is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the actuating member (5). Furthermore, in addition, a further, second device can be actuated by means of the actuating element (13).
摘要翻译：特别是用于诸如电钻，锤钻，电动螺丝刀等的电手动工具（1）的电开关（4）具有可以从初始位置移动到操作位置的致动构件（5）。在操作位置，致动构件（5）例如用于切换接触系统或调节电位计。另外，开关（4）具有可移动的致动元件（13），当可移动的致动元件（13）被移动时，起动致动元件（13）的驱动元件（13）紧靠在致动件（5）附近。此外，另外，另外的第二装置可以通过致动元件（13）致动。

2. 发明授权

US4751212A Process for the manufacture of a catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases 失效
标题翻译：用于制造用于还原废气中的氮氧化物的催化剂的方法
公开(公告)号：US4751212A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-14
申请号：US938525
申请日：1986-12-05
申请人： Claus Flockenhaus , Erich Hackler , Karl H. Laue , Klaus Merkel , Arnold Max , Werner Stender , Johann Jansen , Hartmut Kainer , Daniel Grimm , Blagoje Levkov
发明人： Claus Flockenhaus , Erich Hackler , Karl H. Laue , Klaus Merkel , Arnold Max , Werner Stender , Johann Jansen , Hartmut Kainer , Daniel Grimm , Blagoje Levkov
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J23/745 , B01J23/74 , B01J27/053 , C01B21/00
CPC分类号： B01J23/745 , B01D53/8628
摘要： The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases. The catalyst contains a metal oxide. The catalyst is preferably used for catalytic reduction with ammonia. The process comprises screening a natural goethite iron ore to the required grain size and then treating the ore with sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the goethite iron ore is heated to a temperature which approximately equals the temperature at which it will be used in the catalytic reaction.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及制备用于还原废气中的氮氧化物的催化剂的方法。催化剂含有金属氧化物。该催化剂优选用于用氨催化还原。该方法包括将天然针铁矿铁矿筛选成所需的粒度，然后用硫酸处理矿石。随后，将针铁矿铁矿石加热到与催化反应中使用的温度大致相等的温度。

3. 发明授权

US4950473A Method for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gas 失效
标题翻译：减少烟气中氮氧化物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4950473A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-21
申请号：US263470
申请日：1988-10-27
申请人： Claus Flockenhaus , Manfred Galow , Klaus Merkel , Hans-Eugen Buhler , Hartmut Kainer
发明人： Claus Flockenhaus , Manfred Galow , Klaus Merkel , Hans-Eugen Buhler , Hartmut Kainer
IPC分类号： B01D53/56 , F23J15/00
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , F23J15/003 , F23J2215/10
摘要： Apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gas within a flue gas duct includes a number of distributor tubes for the injection of a reducing agent into the flue gas within the duct. Each distributor tube includes a control valve to be able to set an appropriate injection of the reducing agent to respond to different concentrations of the nitrogen oxides within the flue gas over the cross section of the flue gas duct. Each distributor tube comprises at least two parallel distributor tube segments which extend from opposite sides of the flue gas duct to the center of the flue gas duct. The two parallel distribution tube segments include a plurality of openings along the lengths thereof to supply the reducing agent generally evenly throughout their aligned portions of the cross section. The control valve is employed to adjust the reducing agent to provide the proper quantity thereof which corresponds to the particular concentration of nitrogen oxides within the flue gas at each corresponding portion of the entire cross section.
摘要翻译：用于还原烟气管道内的烟气中的氮氧化物的装置和方法包括用于将还原剂注入管道内的烟道气中的多个分配管。每个分配器管包括一个控制阀，以便能够设定合适的还原剂的注入，以响应烟道气中的氮氧化物在烟道气管道的横截面上的不同浓度。每个分配器管包括至少两个平行的分配器管段，其从烟道气管道的相对侧延伸到烟气管道的中心。两个平行的分配管段包括沿其长度的多个开口，以在整个横截面的整个对齐部分中大致均匀地供给还原剂。使用控制阀来调节还原剂以提供适当的量，这对应于在整个横截面的每个对应部分处的烟道气中氮氧化物的特定浓度。

4. 发明授权

US4895821A Process for the manufacture of catalytic elements and catalytic elements so produced 失效
标题翻译：用于制造如此生产的催化元素和催化元素的方法
公开(公告)号：US4895821A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-23
申请号：US231716
申请日：1988-08-12
申请人： Hartmut Kainer , Eugen Buhler , Daniel Grimm , Wilfried Schenelle , Claus Flockenhaus , Karl-Heinrich Laue , Klaus Merkel
发明人： Hartmut Kainer , Eugen Buhler , Daniel Grimm , Wilfried Schenelle , Claus Flockenhaus , Karl-Heinrich Laue , Klaus Merkel
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J23/74 , B01J23/86 , B01J27/053
CPC分类号： B01J27/053 , B01D53/8628 , B01J23/74 , B01J23/862
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases or for chemical air cleaning processes, in which catalyst moldings are produced from iron oxide or mixtures of iron oxide and chromium oxide and/or manganese oxide, which are reduced to grain sizes less than 2 mm, with the use of inorganic binders and sulfuric acid, and with the possible addition of activating additives.In accordance with the invention:(a) either the mixture of the solid primary material is reacted with sulfuric acid, a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid or a sulfuric acid or mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid containing sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate of ammonium, aluminum, iron, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, copper and/or cobalt, and moldings are formed from this mixture, or the mixture of the solid primary material is formed into moldings after the addition of fluid and/or phosphoric acid and/or phosphates, and these moldings are treated with sulfuric acid or a sulfuric acid containing sulfate or hydrogen sulfate of ammonium, aluminum, iron, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, copper, and(b) then, on the moldings obtained in Step (a), a drying treatment is performed at 110.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., followed by a tempering treatment at 250.degree. C. to 600.degree. C.The catalysts manufactured using the process described by the invention have a low sensitivity to moisture and good activity.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及制备用于还原废气中的氮氧化物或化学空气清洁方法的催化剂的方法，其中催化剂模制品由氧化铁或氧化铁和氧化铬和/或氧化锰的混合物制备，其使用无机粘合剂和硫酸还原成小于2mm的颗粒尺寸，并且可能添加活化添加剂。根据本发明：（a）固体原料的混合物与硫酸，硫酸和磷酸的混合物或硫酸或硫酸和含硫酸盐的硫酸盐，硫酸氢盐，磷酸盐的混合物或铵，铝，铁，钒，锰，钼，铬，铜和/或钴的磷酸氢盐，并且由该混合物形成模制品，或者在添加流体之后将固体原料的混合物形成模制品， /或磷酸和/或磷酸盐，并且这些模制品用硫酸或含有硫酸盐或硫酸氢铵的铵，铝，铁，钒，锰，钼，铬，铜的硫酸处理，然后在（b）在步骤（a）中获得的模制品在110℃至250℃进行干燥处理，然后在250℃至600℃进行回火处理。使用由t 他的发明对水分敏感性低，活性好。

5. 发明授权

US4746483A Process for the manufacture of catalyst molding 失效
标题翻译：催化剂成型工艺
公开(公告)号：US4746483A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-24
申请号：US905752
申请日：1986-09-09
申请人： Claus Flockenhaus , Karl-Heinz Laue , Klaus Merkel , Erich Hackler , Johann Jansen , Arnold Max , Werner Stender , Reinhard Kruse , Hartmut Kainer , Daniel Grimm , Blagoje Levkov
发明人： Claus Flockenhaus , Karl-Heinz Laue , Klaus Merkel , Erich Hackler , Johann Jansen , Arnold Max , Werner Stender , Reinhard Kruse , Hartmut Kainer , Daniel Grimm , Blagoje Levkov
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J37/00 , B01J27/043 , B01J27/047 , B29C43/02 , B29C43/32
CPC分类号： B01J37/0009 , B01D53/8628
摘要： In a process for the manufacture of catalyst moldings a natural raw material containing Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or another such catalyst component such as TiO.sub.2, NbO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 or MoO.sub.3 is screened to a grain size equal to or less than approximately 0.25 mm. This screened base mixture is thoroughly blended, and then preferably a concentrated sulphuric acid is added. This mixture of material is then pressed into a molding in a hydraulic press with a pressure of approximately 500 bar to produce the molding.
摘要翻译：在制造催化剂模制品的方法中，将含有Fe 2 O 3，Cr 2 O 3或另一种这样的催化剂组分如TiO 2，NbO 2，WO 3，V 2 O 5或MoO 3的天然原料筛分至等于或小于约0.25mm的晶粒度。将该筛分的基础混合物充分混合，然后优选加入浓硫酸。然后将该材料混合物压制成压力为约500巴的液压机中的模塑制品以产生模制品。

6. 发明授权

US08990417B2 Peer-to-peer transmission system for data streams 有权
标题翻译：用于数据流的对等传输系统
公开(公告)号：US08990417B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-24
申请号：US13321148
申请日：2010-05-18
申请人： Jens Groh , Matthias Hammer , Alexander Erk , Klaus Merkel , Sebastian Kilger , Mark Gulbahar , Robert Sedlmeyer
发明人： Jens Groh , Matthias Hammer , Alexander Erk , Klaus Merkel , Sebastian Kilger , Mark Gulbahar , Robert Sedlmeyer
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , H04L29/08
CPC分类号： H04L67/104 , H04L67/108
摘要： In a peer-to-peer (P2P) system, in each individual transmitting peer (10), the incoming data stream is divided logically and with regard to time into different parts, which are buffered in a volatile memory (13) and are transmitted to the receiving peers (20, 30) on different paths by means of a peer-to-peer transmission mechanism (40). In a receiving peer (20), the received parts of the subdivided data stream are buffered in a volatile memory (21) and are reassembled into a complete data stream. Further, in the receiving peer (20), the parts of the subdivided data stream, buffered by the volatile memory (21), are copied into a persistent memory (22), from where they are copied back into the volatile memory (21) at a later point in time if necessary. A fraction of the received data is excluded from persistent storing by selecting parts of the subdivided data stream.
摘要翻译：在点对点（P2P）系统中，在每个单独的发送对等体（10）中，输入数据流被逻辑地分配并且关于时间划分成不同的部分，这些部分被缓存在易失性存储器（13）中并被发送通过对等传输机制（40）向不同路径上的接收对等体（20,30）发送。在接收对等体（20）中，所分割的数据流的接收部分被缓存在易失性存储器（21）中，并被重组为完整的数据流。此外，在接收对等体（20）中，由易失性存储器（21）缓冲的分割数据流的部分被复制到永久存储器（22）中，从其被复制回到易失性存储器（21）中，如果有必要，在稍后的时间点。通过选择细分数据流的一部分，将所接收数据的一小部分从永久存储中排除。

7. 发明申请

US20120151081A1 PEER-TO-PEER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR DATA STREAMS 有权
标题翻译：数据流的对等传输系统
公开(公告)号：US20120151081A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-14
申请号：US13321148
申请日：2010-05-18
申请人： Jens Groh , Matthias Hammer , Alexander Erk , Klaus Merkel , Sebastian Kilger , Mark Gülbahar , Robert Sedlmeyer
发明人： Jens Groh , Matthias Hammer , Alexander Erk , Klaus Merkel , Sebastian Kilger , Mark Gülbahar , Robert Sedlmeyer
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L67/104 , H04L67/108
摘要： In a peer-to-peer (P2P) system, in each individual transmitting peer (10), the incoming data stream is divided logically and with regard to time into different parts, which are buffered in a volatile memory (13) and are transmitted to the receiving peers (20, 30) on different paths by means of a peer-to-peer transmission mechanism (40). In a receiving peer (20), the received parts of the subdivided data stream are buffered in a volatile memory (21) and are reassembled into a complete data stream. Further, in the receiving peer (20), the parts of the subdivided data stream, buffered by the volatile memory (21), are copied into a persistent memory (22), from where they are copied back into the volatile memory (21) at a later point in time if necessary. In order to reduce the amount of data to be stored persistently, it is proposed that a fraction of the received data is excluded from persistent storing, wherein this exclusion is performed by selecting parts of the subdivided data stream. For this purpose, the selection may preferably be performed in the transmitting peer (10), where the selected fraction is separated from the remaining data of the subdivided data and rerouted into a secondary transmission mechanism (50). Alternatively, the selection may be performed in the receiving peer (20), where the selected fraction is separated from the received data buffered therein and deleted.
摘要翻译：在点对点（P2P）系统中，在每个单独的发送对等体（10）中，输入数据流被逻辑地分配并且关于时间划分成不同的部分，这些部分被缓存在易失性存储器（13）中并被发送通过对等传输机制（40）向不同路径上的接收对等体（20,30）发送。在接收对等体（20）中，所分割的数据流的接收部分被缓存在易失性存储器（21）中，并被重组为完整的数据流。此外，在接收对等体（20）中，由易失性存储器（21）缓冲的分割数据流的部分被复制到永久存储器（22）中，从其被复制回到易失性存储器（21）中，如果有必要，在稍后的时间点。为了减少要持久存储的数据量，建议从持久存储中排除接收数据的一部分，其中通过选择细分数据流的部分来执行排除。为此，可以优选地在发送对等体（10）中执行选择，其中所选择的分数与分割的数据的剩余数据分离并重新路由到次传输机制（50）。或者，可以在接收对等体（20）中执行选择，其中所选择的分数与其中缓冲的接收数据分离并删除。

8. 发明授权

US4935392A Process for the manufacture of catalyst members for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen and catalyst members produced thereby 失效
标题翻译：用于制造用于还原由此产生的氮氧化物和催化剂构件的催化剂构件的方法
公开(公告)号：US4935392A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-19
申请号：US330335
申请日：1989-03-29
申请人： Hartmut Kainer , Bernhard Vedder , Daniel Grimm , Wilfried Schnelle , Albert Kleinevoss , Hans-Eugen Buhler , Klaus Merkel , Claus Flockenhaus , Karl-Heinrich Laue , Manfred Galow
发明人： Hartmut Kainer , Bernhard Vedder , Daniel Grimm , Wilfried Schnelle , Albert Kleinevoss , Hans-Eugen Buhler , Klaus Merkel , Claus Flockenhaus , Karl-Heinrich Laue , Manfred Galow
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J35/04 , B01J37/02
CPC分类号： B01J35/04 , B01D53/8625 , B01D53/8628 , B01J37/0225
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen from exhaust gases and in chemical air cleaning processes in which a catalytically active material containing iron ores, chromium ores and/or zeolite is placed in contact with a carrier means having a series of openings; e.g., wire mesh, expanded or perforated metal or any type of grid-like structure to form a catalytic member. The carrier means is etched with an acid etchant before forming the catalytic member or, instead, the catalytic member is etched with an acid etchant. The catalytic member is bonded by a thermal treatment; e.g., drying, tempering and/or fixing. This invention also relates to catalytic members or products produced by the process. This invention proposes the use of pressure bonding to obtain a catalytic member product which has significantly improved catalytic activity, greater mechanical strength and higher resistance to chipping.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于制造用于从废气中还原氮氧化物的催化剂的方法和在其中将含有铁矿石，铬矿石和/或沸石的催化活性材料与载体接触的化学空气清洁方法中意指具有一系列开口; 例如金属丝网，膨胀或穿孔的金属或任何类型的栅格状结构以形成催化部件。在形成催化剂部件之前，使用酸蚀刻剂对载体装置进行蚀刻，或者用酸蚀刻剂蚀刻催化剂部件。催化剂部件通过热处理结合; 例如干燥，回火和/或固定。本发明还涉及通过该方法生产的催化剂构件或产品。本发明提出使用压力粘合来获得催化剂成分产物，它具有显着提高的催化活性，更大的机械强度和较高的耐碎裂性。

9. 发明授权

US4914073A Process for the manufacture of catalytic elements and catalytic elements so produced 失效
标题翻译：用于制造如此生产的催化元素和催化元素的方法
公开(公告)号：US4914073A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US231702
申请日：1988-08-12
申请人： Daniel Grimm , Hartmut Kainer , Albert Kleinevoss , Karl-Heinrich Laue , Claus Flockenhaus , Klaus Merkel
发明人： Daniel Grimm , Hartmut Kainer , Albert Kleinevoss , Karl-Heinrich Laue , Claus Flockenhaus , Klaus Merkel
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01J23/745 , B01J23/84 , B01J27/053 , B01J27/185
CPC分类号： B01J23/862 , B01D53/8628 , B01J23/745 , B01J23/84 , B01J27/053 , B01J27/185
摘要： A process for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases or for chemical air cleaning processes, in which catalyst moldings are produced from a mixture of solid primary materials which include iron oxide or mixtures of iron oxide and chromium oxide and/or manganese oxide, which are reduced to grain sizes less than 2 mm, with the use of inorganic binders and sulfuric acid, and with the possible addition of activating additives, wherein:(a) either the mixture of the solid primary materials is reacted with sulfuric acid, a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid or mixtures of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid containing sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate of ammonium, aluminum, iron, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, copper and/or cobalt, and moldings are formed from this mixture, or the mixture of the solid primary materials is formed into moldings after the addition of fluid and/or phosphoric acid and/or phosphates, and these moldings are treated with sulfuric acid or a sulfuric acid containing sulfate or hydrogen sulfate of ammonium, aluminum, iron, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, copper, and(b) then, on the moldings obtained in Step (a), a drying treatment is performed at 110.degree. c. to 250.degree. c., followed by a tempering treatment at 250.degree. C. to 600.degree. c.The catalysts manufactured using the process described by the invention have a low sensitivity to moisture and good activity.
摘要翻译：制备用于还原废气中的氮氧化物或化学空气清洁方法的催化剂的方法，其中催化剂模制品由包括氧化铁或氧化铁和氧化铬的混合物的固体主要材料的混合物和/ 或氧化锰，其使用无机粘合剂和硫酸还原成小于2mm的粒度，并且可能加入活化添加剂，其中：（a）固体主要材料的混合物与硫酸，硫酸和磷酸的混合物，或含有硫酸盐，硫酸氢盐，磷酸盐或铵，铝，铁，钒，锰，钼，铬，铜和/或钴的磷酸的混合物，并且由该混合物形成模制品，或者在加入流体和/或磷酸和/或磷酸盐之后将固体主要材料的混合物形成模制品并且这些模制品用硫酸或含有硫酸铵或硫酸铵的铵，铝，铁，钒，锰，钼，铬，铜的硫酸处理，然后在（b）步骤（a ），在110℃进行干燥处理。至250℃，然后在250℃至600℃下回火处理。使用本发明所述的方法制造的催化剂对水分的敏感性低，活性好。

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