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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Polarization scrambler
    • 极化扰乱器
    • US4923290A
    • 1990-05-08
    • US232741
    • 1988-08-16
    • Ernst BrinkmeyerWolfgang BrenneckeRainer J. R. W. Otto
    • Ernst BrinkmeyerWolfgang BrenneckeRainer J. R. W. Otto
    • G02F1/03G02B27/28G02F1/01
    • G02F1/0136G02F1/0134
    • The invention relates to a polarization scrambler comprising a controllable optical phase retardation element for retarding with respect to one another components of a light beam with a different state of polarization, the light beam propagating through the element, and a control arrangement for controlling the phase retardation element, said control arrangement being adapted to supply a control signal so that as a function of time the phase retardation is controlled in such a way that with a given state of polarization (SOP) of the light entering the polarization scrambler varying states of polarization occur at its output in such a way that, averaged in time, the light intensities emerging in each SOP are at least substantially equal. An arrangement suitable for arbitrary input states of polarization is obtained when at least a further controllable phase retardation element (2, 3) connected to a control arrangement and succeeding the first element in the light propagation direction is provided which, represented on the Poincare sphere, creates states of polarization in accordance with a rotational axis which is different from that associated with the first phase retardation element and in that the phase retardation elements (1, 2, 3 ) are controlled by the control arrangement at different frequencies (f.sub.1, f.sub.2, f.sub.3) or in an uncorrelated aperiodical manner.
    • 本发明涉及一种偏振扰乱器,其包括可控光学相位延迟元件,用于相对于具有不同偏振态的光束的彼此分量进行延迟,光束传播通过元件,以及用于控制相位延迟的控制装置 所述控制装置适于提供控制信号,使得随着时间的推移,相位延迟被控制为使得进入偏振加扰器的光的偏置的给定状态(SOP)发生在极化状态变化状态 其输出方式使得在每个SOP中出现的光强度在时间上平均至少基本相等。 当在Poincaré球上表示至少一个连接到控制装置并在光传播方向上连接第一元件的可控相位延迟元件(2,3)时,可以获得适合于任意输入偏振状态的装置, 根据不同于与第一相位延迟元件相关联的旋转轴产生偏振状态,并且相位延迟元件(1,2,3)由控制装置在不同频率(f1,f2, f3)或以不相关的非周期性方式。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Optical meter with dual functions avalanche photodiode
    • 光学仪表具有双功能雪崩光电二极管
    • US4957365A
    • 1990-09-18
    • US283413
    • 1988-12-12
    • Ernst Brinkmeyer
    • Ernst Brinkmeyer
    • G01M11/00G01M11/02
    • G01M11/3172
    • An optical backscattering meter includes an optical transmitter whose transmission power is modulated (wobbled) with a variable frequency via an oscillator and whose transmission beam is coupled into a light wave cable (LWL) via a beam splitter. It further includes an optical receiver including an avalanche photodiode, to which receiver are applied, via the beam splitter, portions of the transmission beam that are scattered back from the light wave cable (LWL). A mixing signal is formed from a signal proportional to the optical backscattering power and a modulation voltage having the oscillator frequency and is evaluated for determining the location of the backscattering and the intensity thereof. The cost of the optical receiver is reduced by the use of the avalanche photodiode (4), whose bias voltage is a d.c. voltage (U.sub.G) modulated by the modulation voltage (U.sub.M), and because the mixing signal (U.sub.P) can be tapped at a parallel circuit comprising an ohmic resistor R.sub.P) and a capacitor (C.sub.P) inserted in the energizing circuit of the photodiode.
    • 光学后向散射仪包括通过振荡器以可变频率调制(摆动)发射功率的光发射机,其发射光束通过分束器耦合到光波长电缆(LWL)中。 它还包括一个光接收器,它包括通过分束器施加的接收器的雪崩光电二极管,从光波导电缆(LWL)向后散射的部分发射光束。 混合信号由与光后向散射功率成比例的信号和具有振荡器频率的调制电压形成,并被评估用于确定后向散射的位置及其强度。 光接收机的成本通过使用雪崩光电二极管(4)来降低,雪崩光电二极管(4)的偏置电压为直流电压。 通过调制电压(UM)调制的电压(UG),以及由于混合信号(UP)可以在插入在光电二极管的激励电路中的欧姆电阻器RP和电容器(CP)的并联电路上抽头。