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1. 发明授权

US4072939A Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter circuits employing charge redistribution 失效
标题翻译：采用电荷再分配的模数和数模转换电路
公开(公告)号：US4072939A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-07
申请号：US662626
申请日：1976-03-01
申请人： Lawrence G. Heller , Lewis M. Terman
发明人： Lawrence G. Heller , Lewis M. Terman
IPC分类号： H03M1/44 , H01L29/768 , H01L29/78 , H03M1/00 , H03K13/03
CPC分类号： H01L29/76866 , H03M1/40 , H03M1/46 , Y10T307/352
摘要： Analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converter circuits are provided using charge redistribution. The analog-to-digital converter circuit also employs successive approximation binary search techniques wherein the number of search voltages generated is a minimum. The analog-to-digital circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter circuit, a comparator circuit and a logic control means. The digital-to-analog circuit, under control of the logic means, accepts a reference voltage input and produces a sequence of search voltages which are compared with an unknown analog input voltage at the comparator. The resultant outputs from the comparator are applied to the control logic to determine the search voltage sequence. The digital-to-analog converter for the aforesaid circuit is provided in one embodiment employing charge-coupled-device technology. A substrate and two storage electrodes are combined to produce two potential storage wells and a transfer electrode is provided to move charge carriers between the storage wells. A reference charge packet Q.sub.R is stored and divided by charge redistribution between the two potential wells to produce a sequence of charge packets of value Q.sub.R /2, Q.sub.R /4, Q.sub.R /8, Q.sub.R /16 etc. which can be selectively combined to produce analog output of a D/A converter. In the A/D converter the same sequence of charge packets is used to generate the equivalent of a binary search sequence Q.sub.R /2, Q.sub.R /2.+-.Q.sub.R /4, Q.sub.R /2.+-.Q.sub.R /4.+-.Q.sub.R /8 etc. In another embodiment a bucket brigade device is provided to accomplish the same result. Because of the technique of charge redistribution wherein precise amounts of charge can be shifted in either direction between storage means, the total number of search value steps is a minimum.
摘要翻译：使用电荷再分配提供模数（A / D）和数/模（D / A）转换器电路。模数转换器电路还采用逐次逼近二进制搜索技术，其中产生的搜索电压的数量是最小的。该模数转换电路包括一个数模转换器电路，一个比较器电路和一个逻辑控制装置。在逻辑装置的控制下，数模转换电路接受参考电压输入，并产生与比较器上的未知模拟输入电压进行比较的搜索电压序列。来自比较器的结果输出被施加到控制逻辑以确定搜索电压序列。在使用电荷耦合器件技术的一个实施例中提供了用于上述电路的数模转换器。将衬底和两个存储电极组合以产生两个潜在的存储阱，并且提供转移电极以在存储阱之间移动电荷载流子。存储参考电荷分组QR，并通过两个势阱之间的电荷再分配来分割，以产生QR / 2，QR / 4，QR / 8，QR / 16等的电荷分组序列，其可以选择性地组合以产生 D / A转换器的模拟输出。在A / D转换器中，使用相同的电荷包序列来产生二进制搜索序列QR / 2，QR / 2 +/- QR / 4，QR / 2 +/- QR / 4 +/- QR / 8等。在另一实施例中，提供铲斗装置以实现相同的结果。由于电荷重新分配的技术，其中精确量的电荷可以在存储装置之间的任一方向上移动，所以搜索值步长的总数是最小的。

2. 发明授权

US4137464A Charge-transfer binary search generating circuit 失效
标题翻译：电荷转移二进制搜索生成电路
公开(公告)号：US4137464A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-30
申请号：US825016
申请日：1977-08-16
申请人： Lawrence G. Heller , Lewis M. Terman
发明人： Lawrence G. Heller , Lewis M. Terman
IPC分类号： H03M1/44 , G11C11/56 , G11C19/18 , G11C19/36 , G11C27/02 , H03K4/02 , H03M1/00 , H03M1/66
CPC分类号： G11C27/024 , G11C19/186 , G11C19/36 , H03M1/804
摘要： A bucket brigade circuit is described for generating a sequence of packets of charge carriers of the form Q.sub.R /2, Q.sub.R /4, Q.sub.R /8....Q.sub.R /2.sup.N where N is an integer. The charge packets thus generated can be employed in combinations in either digital-to-analog or analog-to-digital converters. The charge generation circuit requires two equal capacitors which are used for charge redistribution. To obtain accurate quantities of charge in the generated charge packets the capacitors employed should be large, however the use of large capacitors results in low operating speed because of the large charge transfer time constants involved. The described circuit provides a scheme to reduce charge transfer time constants and therefore obtain greater speed while still permitting the use of large capacitors for high accuracy. The circuit includes a small coupling capacitor connected in series with one of the charge redistribution capacitors to produce a total capacitance which is equal to or smaller than the coupling capacitance. The sequence of charge carriers produced by the circuit can be injected into either a bucket brigade circuit or a charge-coupled-device circuit for use, for example, in digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters.
摘要翻译：描述了用于产生形式为QR / 2，QR / 4，QR / 8 .... QR / 2N的电荷载体的序列序列的桶旅电路，其中N是整数。这样产生的电荷包可以以数模转换器或模数转换器的组合使用。电荷产生电路需要用于电荷再分配的两个相等的电容器。为了在产生的电荷包中获得准确的电荷量，所使用的电容应该是大的，然而由于涉及大的电荷转移时间常数，使用大的电容器导致低的操作速度。所描述的电路提供了一种减少电荷转移时间常数并因此获得更高速度同时允许使用大电容器以获得高精度的方案。电路包括与电荷再分配电容器中的一个串联连接的小耦合电容器，以产生等于或小于耦合电容的总电容。由电路产生的电荷载体的序列可以被注入到例如在数模转换器和模数转换器中使用的桶式电路或电荷耦合器件电路中。

3. 发明授权

US4300210A Calibrated sensing system 失效
标题翻译：校准传感系统
公开(公告)号：US4300210A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-10
申请号：US108242
申请日：1979-12-27
申请人： Satya N. Chakravarti , Lawrence G. Heller , Wilbur D. Pricer
发明人： Satya N. Chakravarti , Lawrence G. Heller , Wilbur D. Pricer
IPC分类号： G11C11/409 , G11C11/4091 , G11C11/56 , G11C19/36 , H03K5/08 , G11C27/00 , G11C11/24 , G11C11/40
CPC分类号： G11C11/565 , G11C11/4091 , G11C19/36 , G11C7/06
摘要： A calibrated sensing system is provided in accordance with the teachings of this invention for sensing charge in a storage medium, such as a storage capacitor, coupled to an access or bit/sense line which compensates for most sources of variability in the storage medium and in the access line. In the system, the unknown charge stored in the storage medium is transferred to a first capacitor or potential well via the access line. A high charge state of the storage medium is written into the storage medium and known fractional packets of charge are prepared therefrom, transferred selectively to a second capacitor or potential well and compared with the unknown charge in the first potential to determine the relative level of the unknown charge that was stored in the storage medium. By selectively using two or more fractional packets of charge multilevel sensing is performed.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的教导，提供了一种校准的感测系统，用于感测存储介质（例如存储电容器）中的电荷，该存储介质耦合到访问或位/检测线，其补偿存储介质中的大部分变异源，并且接入线路。在系统中，存储在存储介质中的未知电荷经由存取线路传送到第一电容器或势阱。将存储介质的高电荷状态写入存储介质，并且从其准备已知的分数电荷分组，将其选择性地传输到第二电容器或势阱，并与第一电位中的未知电荷进行比较，以确定第存储在存储介质中的未知电荷。通过选择性地使用两个或更多个电荷多级感测的分数分组。

4. 发明授权

US4591993A Methodology for making logic circuits 失效
标题翻译：制作逻辑电路的方法
公开(公告)号：US4591993A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-27
申请号：US554148
申请日：1983-11-21
申请人： William R. Griffin , Lawrence G. Heller
发明人： William R. Griffin , Lawrence G. Heller
IPC分类号： H01L21/8238 , H01L21/82 , H01L27/092 , H01L27/112 , H01L27/118 , H03K19/0948 , H03K19/173 , H03K19/094
CPC分类号： H03K19/0948 , H01L27/112
摘要： A methodology is provided for reducing an arbitrary Boolean logic expression to static CMOS circuits by the use of a general matrix of P channel devices and N channel devices which are interconnected in accordance with the terms of Boolean logic expressions derived from a truth table. More specifically, from a Boolean expression a sum-of-products expression giving the 1 binary data outputs of a truth table having a 0 input is found. This is accomplished by complementing, or barring, the literals which are a binary 1 when the output is 1 and leaving true or unbarred the literals that are a binary 0. Then each input of a given product term is applied to the control gate of a P channel device, which devices are connected in series with one end tied to a source of potential and the other end of the series circuit connected to an output terminal. Each product term is arranged in parallel with other P channel device series circuits to form one half of a complete logic matrix. Similarly, for the other half of the matrix, a sum-of-products expression giving the binary 0 outputs of a truth table having a binary 1 for an input is found. Each input of a given product term is applied to the control gate of an N channel device, which devices are connected in series with one end tied to a potential reference point, such as ground, and the other end of the series circuit is connected to the output terminal. Each product term is arranged in parallel with other N channel device series circuits.
摘要翻译：提供了一种通过使用根据从真值表导出的布尔逻辑表达式的术语互连的P通道器件和N沟道器件的通用矩阵来将静态CMOS电路的任意布尔逻辑表达式减少的方法。更具体地，从布尔表达式中，找到给出具有0输入的真值表的1个二进制数据输出的乘积和表达式表达式。这是通过补充或限制当输出为1时为二进制1的文字，并将真实的或未被标记为二进制0的文字来实现的。然后，将给定产品项的每个输入应用于 P通道器件，这些器件串联连接到电位源的一端，串联电路的另一端连接到输出端子。每个产品术语与其他P通道器件串联电路并联布置，形成完整逻辑矩阵的一半。类似地，对于矩阵的另一半，找到给出用于输入的具有二进制1的真值表的二进制0输出的乘积和表达式。给定产品项的每个输入被施加到N沟道器件的控制栅极，这些器件与连接到诸如地的参考点的一端串联连接，串联电路的另一端连接到输出端子。每个产品术语与其他N通道器件串联电路并联布置。

5. 发明授权

US4288864A Serial-parallel-serial CCD memory system with fan out and fan in circuits 失效
标题翻译：串行并行串行CCD存储器系统，带风扇和电路中的风扇
公开(公告)号：US4288864A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US087843
申请日：1979-10-24
申请人： Thomas V. Harroun , Lawrence G. Heller , Norbert G. Vogl, Jr.
发明人： Thomas V. Harroun , Lawrence G. Heller , Norbert G. Vogl, Jr.
IPC分类号： G11C27/04 , G11C19/28 , H01L21/339 , H01L27/105 , H01L29/762 , G11C11/40
CPC分类号： G11C19/287 , H01L27/1057
摘要： An SPS CCD memory system is provided wherein a single tap, preferably a storage node, on an input serial or shift register is connected to the input of a plurality of parallel shift registers through a fan out circuit and the output of the plurality of parallel shift registers is connected to a single tap, preferably a storage node, on an output serial or shift register through a fan in circuit.
摘要翻译：提供了一种SPS CCD存储器系统，其中在输入串行或移位寄存器上的单个抽头，优选地存储节点通过扇出电路连接到多个并行移位寄存器的输入，并且多个并行移位的输出寄存器通过电路中的风扇连接到输出串行或移位寄存器上的单个抽头，最好是存储节点。

6. 发明授权

US5831452A Leak tolerant low power dynamic circuits 失效
标题翻译：耐漏电低功率动态电路
公开(公告)号：US5831452A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-03
申请号：US803582
申请日：1997-02-20
申请人： Edward Joseph Nowak , Minh Ho Tong , Lawrence G. Heller
发明人： Edward Joseph Nowak , Minh Ho Tong , Lawrence G. Heller
IPC分类号： H03K19/096 , H03K19/0948
CPC分类号： H03K19/0963
摘要： A novel precharge circuit is provided for dynamic CMOS logic circuits which are immune to leakage currents and reduce overall power consumption. The circuit comprises a precharge transistor for precharging a node to a high voltage level indicting a first logic state during a standby mode. Thereafter, during an active mode, the node may or may not be discharged by connected logic circuitry. If the node is discharged, then an additional transistor is provided to inhibit the precharging of the already charged node during a subsequent standby mode. Similarly, if the node is not discharged, a small keeper transistor is provided to keep the node at a fully precharged level.
摘要翻译：为动态CMOS逻辑电路提供了一种新颖的预充电电路，其免于漏电流并降低总体功耗。电路包括用于在待机模式期间将节点预充电到指示第一逻辑状态的高电压电平的预充电晶体管。此后，在活动模式期间，节点可以被连接的逻辑电路放电，也可以不被放电。如果节点放电，则提供附加晶体管以在随后的待机模式期间禁止已经充电的节点的预充电。类似地，如果节点不被放电，则提供小的保持晶体管以保持节点处于完全预充电电平。

7. 发明授权

US5260952A Fault tolerant logic system 失效
标题翻译：容错逻辑系统
公开(公告)号：US5260952A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US693509
申请日：1991-04-30
申请人： Kenneth E. Beilstein, Jr. , John A. Fifield , Lawrence G. Heller , Hsing-San Lee , Charles H. Stapper
发明人： Kenneth E. Beilstein, Jr. , John A. Fifield , Lawrence G. Heller , Hsing-San Lee , Charles H. Stapper
IPC分类号： G01R31/317 , G06F11/08 , G06F11/10 , G06F11/16 , G11C29/00 , H03K19/00 , H03K19/003 , G01K31/28
CPC分类号： H03K19/00392 , G06F11/1044 , G11C29/84
摘要： A logic system including a first logic block for providing first differential outputs; a second logic block, identical to the first logic block, for providing second differential outputs; a fault detecting device, coupled to the first logic block, for detecting a fault in the first differential outputs; and a selecting device, coupled to the first and second logic blocks and to the fault detecting device, for selecting an output of one of the first and second logic blocks depending on whether the fault detecting device detects a fault.
摘要翻译：一种逻辑系统，包括用于提供第一差分输出的第一逻辑块; 第二逻辑块，与第一逻辑块相同，用于提供第二差分输出; 耦合到第一逻辑块的故障检测装置，用于检测第一差分输出中的故障; 以及耦合到第一和第二逻辑块和故障检测装置的选择装置，用于根据故障检测装置是否检测到故障来选择第一和第二逻辑块之一的输出。

8. 发明授权

US4638482A Random logic error detecting system for differential logic networks 失效
标题翻译：差分逻辑网络的随机逻辑误差检测系统
公开(公告)号：US4638482A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-20
申请号：US685880
申请日：1984-12-24
申请人： William R. Griffin , Lawrence G. Heller , Peter N. Horowitz
发明人： William R. Griffin , Lawrence G. Heller , Peter N. Horowitz
IPC分类号： G01R31/28 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/0751
摘要： A system for testing a differential logic network is provided which includes a differential exclusive OR circuit having a plurality of inputs for receiving complementary signals from the differential logic network and first and second output terminals and means, e.g., a conventional exclusive OR circuit, for determining the voltage difference between the first and second output terminals to indicate the presence or absence of a fault or error in the differential logic network under test.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于测试差分逻辑网络的系统，其包括具有多个输入的差分异或电路，用于从差分逻辑网络和第一和第二输出端子接收互补信号，以及用于确定第一和第二输出端子之间的电压差，以指示被测差分逻辑网络中存在或不存在故障或错误。

9. 发明授权

US4230954A Permanent or semipermanent charge transfer storage systems 失效
标题翻译：永久或半永久电荷转移存储系统
公开(公告)号：US4230954A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-28
申请号：US974409
申请日：1978-12-29
申请人： Lawrence G. Heller
发明人： Lawrence G. Heller
IPC分类号： G11C17/00 , G11C11/35 , G11C14/00 , G11C16/04 , G11C19/28 , H01L21/8246 , H01L27/108 , H01L27/112 , H03K5/00 , G11C11/34 , H01L29/34 , H01L29/78
CPC分类号： H01L27/108 , G11C11/35 , G11C14/00 , G11C16/0466 , G11C19/282
摘要： Storage systems are provided with memory cells made of devices having different voltage thresholds for storing information permanently or semipermanently. The devices are arranged adjacent to each other and communicating with a diffusion region in a semiconductor substrate. Information is sensed by detecting the charge transferred from a selected cell to the diffusion region. In an embodiment of the invention, a P-type substrate has an N+ diffusion region formed therein with a plurality of adjacent and parallelly arranged word lines insulated from the substrate and disposed adjacent to the N+ diffusion region. A P+ region, preferably implanted into the substrate, is disposed under selected segments of the word lines to provide devices having a first or high threshold voltage magnitude. The remaining devices which are not associated with a P-30 region have a second or low threshold voltage magnitude. By applying a voltage of the same magnitude to each of the word lines, potential wells are formed which are filled by charge or carriers from the diffusion region. Since the potential wells associated with the high threshold devices hold less charge than do the low threshold devices, a charge or voltage sensing circuit connected to the N+ diffusion region is used to detect the amount of charge flowing between the wells and the diffusion region to thus identify the high and low threshold devices when the voltage on the selected word line is decreased. By eliminating the P+ regions and storing charge, e.g., electrons, at selected locations under the word lines in dual insulating layers, the cells may be electrically programmable.
摘要翻译：存储系统具有由具有不同电压阈值的设备制成的存储单元，用于永久地或半永久地存储信息。器件彼此相邻布置并与半导体衬底中的扩散区域连通。通过检测从所选择的单元传输到扩散区的电荷来感测信息。在本发明的一个实施例中，P型衬底具有形成在其中的多个相邻且平行布置的字线的N +扩散区，其与衬底绝缘并且邻近于N +扩散区设置。优选地植入衬底中的P +区被布置在字线的选定段下方以提供具有第一或高阈值电压幅度的器件。与P-30区域不相关的其余器件具有第二或低阈值电压幅度。通过向每个字线施加相同大小的电压，形成由扩散区域的电荷或载流子填充的势阱。由于与高阈值器件相关联的势阱比低阈值器件具有更少的电荷，所以使用连接到N +扩散区的电荷或电压感测电路来检测在阱和扩散区之间流动的电荷量，从而当所选字线上的电压降低时识别高和低阈值器件。通过在双重绝缘层中的字线下方的选定位置处消除P +区并且将电荷例如存储，电池可以是电可编程的。

10. 发明授权

US6118318A Self biased differential amplifier with hysteresis 失效
标题翻译：具有滞后的自偏置差分放大器
公开(公告)号：US6118318A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-12
申请号：US853963
申请日：1997-05-09
申请人： John A. Fifield , Lawrence G. Heller
发明人： John A. Fifield , Lawrence G. Heller
IPC分类号： H03K3/3525 , H03K3/295 , H03K19/0948
CPC分类号： H03K3/3525
摘要： A self biased differential amplifier has a switching point accurately set according to a reference voltage. DC hysteresis is provided, by a circuit internal to the differential amplifier. The amplifier has an input circuit having first and second series connected transistors, wherein the beta ratio of these first and second transistors is changed by enabling an additional transistor of a hysteresis circuit according to an output state of the differential amplifier. When the output state is "high", the switching point is decreased in order that temporary small drops (due to noise or glitches) in the input signal are ignored. Conversely, when the output state is "low", the switching point is increased in order that temporary small increases in the input signal are ignored.
摘要翻译：自偏置差分放大器具有根据参考电压精确设定的开关点。通过差分放大器内部的电路提供直流滞后。放大器具有输入电路，该输入电路具有第一和第二串联连接的晶体管，其中通过根据差分放大器的输出状态启用滞后电路的附加晶体管来改变这些第一和第二晶体管的β比。当输出状态为“高”时，切换点减小，以便忽略输入信号中的临时小的下降（由于噪声或毛刺）。相反，当输出状态为“低”时，切换点增加，以便忽略输入信号的临时小的增加。

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