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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Fracture monitoring using pressure-frequency analysis
    • 使用压力 - 频率分析的骨折监测
    • US07100688B2
    • 2006-09-05
    • US10251301
    • 2002-09-20
    • Stanley V. StephensonJim B. Surjaatmadja
    • Stanley V. StephensonJim B. Surjaatmadja
    • E21B47/10
    • E21B43/26G01V1/50
    • Changes occurring downhole during a fracturing process can create or reflect pressure signals. Capturing and evaluating such pressure waves during fracturing enables personnel to monitor, in real time or later, what happens downhole. When a fracture extends, a burst of acoustic noise is embodied in a pressure wave or signal, as is noise coming from other sources. By transforming time-based pressure signals to a frequency base, one can monitor this acoustic noise. In a particular implementation, a waterfall plot of frequency spectra at successive time slices of the original signal is used to determine frequency ridges, such as a ridge of decreasing frequencies indicates fracture extension and a ridge of increasing frequencies indicates either closure or proppant backing up in the fracture. Filtering, such as wavelet filtering, can be used. A fracturing process can be controlled in response to determining whether the fracture is extending.
    • 在压裂过程中井下发生的变化可以产生或反映压力信号。 在压裂过程中捕获和评估这种压力波可使人员实时监控或者稍后监测井下发生的情况。 当断裂延伸时,声压噪声的突发体现在压力波或信号中,以及来自其它来源的噪声也是如此。 通过将基于时间的压力信号转换为频率基,可以监视这种声音噪声。 在特定的实现中,使用原始信号的连续时间片上的频谱的瀑布图来确定频率脊,例如频率降低的脊表示断裂延伸,并且频率增加的脊指示闭合或支撑剂备份在 骨折。 可以使用滤波,例如小波滤波。 可以响应于确定断裂是否延伸来控制压裂过程。