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1. 发明授权

US06369816B1 Method for modulating volume samples using gradient magnitudes and complex functions over a range of values 有权
标题翻译：在一定范围内使用梯度和复数函数调制体积样本的方法
公开(公告)号：US06369816B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-09
申请号：US09315238
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： James M. Knittel , Larry D. Seiler , Charidimos E. Gasparakis
发明人： James M. Knittel , Larry D. Seiler , Charidimos E. Gasparakis
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T1/20
摘要： A method modulates samples in a volume rendering pipeline by storing modulation values as entries in a table. Also stored are a grain and a base for the entries of the table to specify an index range. A magnitude of a gradient vector of a sample is determined. The table is indexed using the magnitude to determine two modulation values corresponding to the magnitude. The two modulation values are interpolated using the grain and the base to determine a modulation factor to modulate the sample with a linear function.
摘要翻译：方法通过将调制值存储在表中作为条目来调制体绘制流水线中的样本。还存储了用于表的条目的粒度和基数以指定索引范围。确定样品的梯度矢量的大小。使用幅度索引表来确定对应于幅度的两个调制值。使用晶粒和基底对两个调制值进行内插，以确定调制因子以用线性函数来调制样本。

2. 发明授权

US06421057B1 Configurable volume rendering pipeline 有权
标题翻译：可配置的卷渲染管道
公开(公告)号：US06421057B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09353679
申请日：1999-07-15
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , James M. Knittel , Kenneth W. Correll , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Vishal C. Bhatia
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , James M. Knittel , Kenneth W. Correll , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Vishal C. Bhatia
IPC分类号： G06T120
CPC分类号： G06T15/005
摘要： A volume rendering pipeline includes a plurality of processing stages such as a gradient estimation stage, an interpolation stage, a classification stage, an illumination stage, and a compositing stage. The stages are connected to each other by multiplexers. A first multiplexer connects an output of a first stage to an input of a second stage. A second multiplexer connects an output of the second stage to an input of the first stage. A third multiplexer has inputs connected to the output of the first stage and the output of the second stage, the first, second, and third multiplexers are responsive to a select signal to configure the stages of the rendering pipeline for processing the volume data set.
摘要翻译：体绘制流水线包括多个处理阶段，例如梯度估计阶段，插值阶段，分类阶段，照明阶段和合成阶段。这些级通过多路复用器相互连接。第一多路复用器将第一级的输出连接到第二级的输入。第二多路复用器将第二级的输出连接到第一级的输入。第三复用器具有连接到第一级的输出和第二级的输出的输入，第一，第二和第三复用器响应于选择信号来配置用于处理卷数据集的渲染流水线的阶段。

3. 发明授权

US06614447B1 Method and apparatus for correcting opacity values in a rendering pipeline 失效
标题翻译：用于在渲染管线中校正不透明度值的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06614447B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-02
申请号：US09679316
申请日：2000-10-04
申请人： Vishal C. Bhatia , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Larry D. Seiler
发明人： Vishal C. Bhatia , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Larry D. Seiler
IPC分类号： G09G502
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/503
摘要： A method corrects opacity values of samples in a rendering pipeline. The method partitions a range of uncorrected alpha values into a plurality of segments in a low to high order. Corrected alpha values for uncorrected alpha values in the highest segment are determined by direct table look-up. Corrected alpha values for uncorrected alpha values in all but the highest segment are determined by linear interpolation.
摘要翻译：一种方法可以校正渲染管道中样本的不透明度值。该方法将一系列未校正的α值分成从低到高的多个段。通过直接表查找确定最高段中未校正的α值的已修正的α值。通过线性插值确定所有除最高段之外的未校正α值的校正α值。

4. 发明授权

US06424346B1 Method and apparatus for mapping samples in a rendering pipeline 有权
标题翻译：在渲染管道中映射样本的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06424346B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-23
申请号：US09353673
申请日：1999-07-15
申请人： Kenneth W. Correll , Larry D. Seiler , Vikram Simha , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Hugh C. Lauer
发明人： Kenneth W. Correll , Larry D. Seiler , Vikram Simha , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Hugh C. Lauer
IPC分类号： G06T120
CPC分类号： G06T15/005
摘要： A method maps samples in a rendering pipelines. The samples are stored in a sample memory. Each sample has a plurality of fields. A descriptor is stored for each field in a field format register. Each sample is read from the memory into a mapping unit. The fields are extracted from each sample according to the corresponding descriptor, and forwarded in parallel to the rendering pipeline.
摘要翻译：一种方法在渲染管道中映射样本。样品存储在样品存储器中。每个样本都有多个场。为字段格式寄存器中的每个字段存储描述符。将每个样本从存储器读取到映射单元中。根据相应的描述符从每个样本中提取字段，并且并行转发到渲染管道。

5. 发明授权

US06654012B1 Early ray termination in a parallel pipelined volume rendering system 有权
标题翻译：并行流水线体绘制系统中的早期射线终止
公开(公告)号：US06654012B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09410771
申请日：1999-10-01
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Kenneth W. Correll
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Kenneth W. Correll
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T15/08
摘要： A method renders a volume data set as an image in a volume rendering system. The volume data set includes a plurality of voxels stored in a memory. The volume rendering system includes a plurality of parallel processing pipelines. The image includes a plurality of pixels stored in the memory. A set of rays are cast through the volume data set. The volume data set is partitioned into a plurality of sections aligned with the sets of rays. Voxels along each ray of each set are sequentially interpolated voxels in only one of the plurality of pipelines to generate samples only as long as the samples contribute to the image.
摘要翻译：一种方法将体数据集呈现为体绘制系统中的图像。体积数据集包括存储在存储器中的多个体素。体绘制系统包括多个并行处理流水线。图像包括存储在存储器中的多个像素。一组光线通过卷数据集投射。体积数据集被划分为与该组光线对齐的多个部分。沿着每个组的每个射线的体素仅在多个管线中的一个管道中依次插入体素，以便只要样本对图像有贡献就产生样本。

6. 发明授权

US06329977B1 Pre-filtered antialiased lines using distance functions 失效
标题翻译：使用距离函数的预滤波抗锯齿线
公开(公告)号：US06329977B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09037412
申请日：1998-03-10
申请人： Robert S. McNamara , Joel J. McCormack , Norman P. Jouppi , James T. Claffey , James M. Knittel , Larry D. Seiler
发明人： Robert S. McNamara , Joel J. McCormack , Norman P. Jouppi , James T. Claffey , James M. Knittel , Larry D. Seiler
IPC分类号： G09G510
CPC分类号： G09G5/20 , G06T11/203
摘要： A computer graphics system renders an image on a display device using improved pre-filtering techniques that minimize aliasing artifacts in the image, particularly at the endpoints of lines. To anti-alias the image, a plurality of edges are placed near a line in the image. An edge function represents the edge. This edge function is multiplied by a scale factor to produce a distance function. This scale factor is the reciprocal of the Euclidean length of the line. The distance function is evaluated to determine the distance of selected pixels from each edge in units of pixels. These distances determine the intensity value for each selected pixel. Pixels on or beyond an edge, with respect to the line, are given a minimum intensity value; pixels inside all edges are given intensity values corresponding to their distances from the edge. An intensity function describing a relationship between pixel distances from the edges and their corresponding intensity values is developed. The intensity function can be implemented in a look-up table or approximated with hardware.
摘要翻译：计算机图形系统使用改进的预滤波技术在显示设备上呈现图像，该技术最小化图像中的混叠伪像，特别是在线的端点处。为了使图像反锯齿，多个边缘放置在图像中的一行附近。边缘函数表示边缘。该边缘函数乘以比例因子以产生距离函数。该比例因子是线的欧几里德长度的倒数。评估距离函数以确定每个边缘中所选像素的距离（以像素为单位）。这些距离决定了每个所选像素的强度值。相对于线，边缘以上的像素被赋予最小强度值; 所有边缘内的像素都具有与其距离边缘的距离对应的强度值。开发描述从边缘的像素距离与其对应的强度值之间的关系的强度函数。强度函数可以在查找表中实现或用硬件近似。

7. 发明授权

US07924281B2 System and method for determining illumination of a pixel by shadow planes 有权
标题翻译：用于通过阴影平面确定像素的照明的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07924281B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-12
申请号：US10906852
申请日：2005-03-09
申请人： Stephen L. Morein , Larry D. Seiler , Michael Doggett , Jocelyn Houle
发明人： Stephen L. Morein , Larry D. Seiler , Michael Doggett , Jocelyn Houle
IPC分类号： G06T15/50
CPC分类号： G06T15/50 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/60 , G06T15/80 , G06T2215/12
摘要： A graphics processing circuit includes a pixel shader operative to provide pixel color information in response to image data representing a scene to be rendered; a texture circuit, coupled to the pixel shader, operative to determine a luminance value to be applied to a pixel of interest based on the luminance values of the pixels that define a plane including the pixel of interest; and a render back end circuit, coupled to the texture circuit, operative to compute the luminance values from a shadow map that specifies the distance from the light source of the nearest object at a plurality of locations. A pixel illumination method includes receiving color information for a pixel to be rendered, defining a plane containing at least one pixel of interest, the plane including a plurality of planar values; comparing the plurality of planar values to a corresponding set of distance values; determining a luminance value for the at least one pixel of interest; and applying the luminance value to the at least one pixel of interest.
摘要翻译：图形处理电路包括像素着色器，用于响应于表示要渲染的场景的图像数据而提供像素颜色信息; 耦合到像素着色器的纹理电路，用于基于限定包括感兴趣像素的平面的像素的亮度值来确定要施加到感兴趣像素的亮度值; 以及耦合到纹理电路的渲染后端电路，用于从阴影图计算亮度值，所述阴影贴图指定在多个位置处距离最近物体的光源的距离。像素照明方法包括：接收要渲染的像素的颜色信息，定义包含至少一个感兴趣像素的平面，所述平面包括多个平面值; 将所述多个平面值与相应的一组距离值进行比较; 确定所述感兴趣的所述至少一个像素的亮度值; 以及将所述亮度值应用于所述至少一个感兴趣的像素。

8. 发明授权

US06310620B1 Method and apparatus for volume rendering with multiple depth buffers 有权
标题翻译：具有多个深度缓冲区的体绘制方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06310620B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09219059
申请日：1998-12-22
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/405
摘要： A method for rendering a three-dimensional volume onto a two-dimensional image plane partitions translucent portions of the volume as defined by polygons into layers. The layers are sorted in a front-to-back order. A near color buffer is set to a transparent color, and a near depth buffer is set to a near clip surface. Then, the layers are processed in the sorted order by initializing a far color buffer to a background color, initializing a far depth buffer to a far clip surface, drawing a current layer into the far color and depth buffers, and rendering the volume, from the near clip surface to the far clip surface, into the near color and depth buffers. After all of the layers have been processed the far color buffer is reinitialized to the background color, the far depth buffer is reinitialized to the far clip surface, and the volume, from the near clip surface to the far clip surface, is rendered into the near color and depth buffers.
摘要翻译：将三维体积渲染到二维图像平面上的方法将由多边形定义的体积的半透明部分分成多个层。这些图层按照前后顺序进行排序。将近色缓冲器设置为透明颜色，并将近深度缓冲区设置为近的剪辑表面。然后，通过将远彩色缓冲区初始化为背景颜色，将远距离缓冲区初始化为远剪辑表面，将当前图层绘制为远色和深度缓冲区，并将卷从近剪辑表面到远的剪辑表面，进入近彩色和深度缓冲区。在处理所有层之后，将远色缓冲区重新初始化为背景颜色，远深度缓冲区将重新初始化为远剪辑表面，并将从近剪辑表面到远剪辑表面的卷呈现为靠近颜色和深度缓冲区。

9. 发明授权

US5696945A Method for quickly painting and copying shallow pixels on a deep frame buffer 失效
标题翻译：在深帧缓冲区上快速绘制和复制浅像素的方法
公开(公告)号：US5696945A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-09
申请号：US781991
申请日：1997-01-06
申请人： Larry D. Seiler , Robert S. McNamara , Christopher C. Gianos , Joel J. McCormack
发明人： Larry D. Seiler , Robert S. McNamara , Christopher C. Gianos , Joel J. McCormack
IPC分类号： G06F12/06 , G09G5/36 , G09G5/39 , G09G5/393 , G06T1/60
CPC分类号： G09G5/393 , G09G5/39 , G09G2360/12 , G09G2360/123 , G09G5/363
摘要： A video subsystem of a computer processor is shown to include a graphics controller coupled to a video memory. A method for improving graphics performance for applications which use fewer bits per pixel than provided in the graphics subsystem includes the steps of rearranging the pixel and byte data in video memory such that corresponding bytes of different pixels are stored in different, simultaneously accessible locations of the video memory. With such an arrangement, accesses to video memory may be provided which utilize all of the available bytes of the video memory bus, thereby increasing the performance of the graphics operation. In addition, a graphics system having a plurality of independently operating memory controllers is shown to further improve graphics performance by ensuring that the video memory bus operates at full capacity.
摘要翻译：显示计算机处理器的视频子系统包括耦合到视频存储器的图形控制器。用于提高使用比图形子系统中提供的像素少的应用程序的图形性能的方法包括重新排列视频存储器中的像素和字节数据的步骤，使得不同像素的相应字节存储在不同的可同时访问的位置视频内存通过这样的布置，可以提供对视频存储器的访问，其利用视频存储器总线的所有可用字节，从而增加图形操作的性能。另外，显示了具有多个独立操作的存储器控制器的图形系统，以通过确保视频存储器总线以满容量运行来进一步提高图形性能。

10. 发明授权

US5870109A Graphic system with read/write overlap detector 失效
标题翻译：具有读/写重叠检测器的图形系统
公开(公告)号：US5870109A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US870482
申请日：1997-06-06
申请人： Joel J. McCormack , Christopher C. Gianos , Andrew V. Hoar , Larry D. Seiler , Norman P. Jouppi , James T. Claffey
发明人： Joel J. McCormack , Christopher C. Gianos , Andrew V. Hoar , Larry D. Seiler , Norman P. Jouppi , James T. Claffey
IPC分类号： G09G5/377 , G06T7/00 , G09G5/39 , G09G5/393 , G09G5/36
CPC分类号： G09G5/393
摘要： A graphics system for storing and editing graphic images represented by digital data, includes a frame memory for storing pixel data representing graphic images including first and second graphic objects. The pixel data is stored at addresses, each being associated with one or more graphic fragment forming the first and second graphic objects. First and second addresses are respectively associated with those of the graphic fragments forming the first and second graphic objects. A memory controller controls writing and reading the pixel data to and from the frame memory. A fragment editor is provided to receive the pixel data read from the first address and modify the associated fragment with the received pixel data so as to form modified pixel data. An address detector detects the first address responsive to a request to read the pixel data from the first address and the second address responsive to a subsequent request to read pixel data from the second address. The detector compares the detected first and second addresses to identify an overlap of the first and second graphic objects. If an overlap is identified, the controller controls the writing of the modified pixel data to the first address before the reading of the pixel data from the second address.
摘要翻译：用于存储和编辑由数字数据表示的图形图像的图形系统包括用于存储表示包括第一和第二图形对象的图形图像的像素数据的帧存储器。像素数据存储在地址处，每个地址与形成第一和第二图形对象的一个或多个图形片段相关联。第一和第二地址分别与形成第一和第二图形对象的图形片段的相关联。存储器控制器控制向帧存储器写入和读取像素数据。提供片段编辑器以接收从第一地址读取的像素数据，并修改与接收到的像素数据相关联的片段，以便形成修改后的像素数据。地址检测器响应于从第一地址读取像素数据的请求并响应于从第二地址读取像素数据的后续请求而检测第一地址。检测器将检测到的第一和第二地址进行比较以识别第一和第二图形对象的重叠。如果识别出重叠，则在从第二地址读取像素数据之前，控制器控制将修改的像素数据写入第一地址。

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