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1. 发明授权

US3941670A Method of altering biological and chemical activity of molecular species 失效
标题翻译：改变分子物种的生物和化学活性的方法
公开(公告)号：US3941670A
公开(公告)日：1976-03-02
申请号：US88528
申请日：1970-11-12
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
IPC分类号： A23L3/26 , A61L2/08 , B01J19/12 , A21D6/00 , A61L1/00 , B01J1/10
CPC分类号： B01J19/121 , A23L3/26 , A61L2/08
摘要： A method of altering (i.e., deactivating or activating) the biological activity of macromolecular species that employs laser beam radiation at a frequency that excites vibrational and rotational states of the irradiated species and at an intensity sufficient to activate the species (but below the denaturation level) or to a level such that the weak bonds-- e.g., hydrogen bonds--that determine the spatial character, and hence the biological activity of macromolecules are irreversibly broken to such extent that the macromolecule loses its original form (the process of denaturation) and assumes an inactive (denatured) configuration. The latter is a sterilization or inactivating process and for such sterilization the macromolecular species may be disposed on a highly reflecting surface, such as a metal, which reflects the beam and is capable of amplifying the destructive characteristic, or upon absorbing surfaces, such as plastics, cloth or paper which ordinarily would be destroyed by the beam. In the case of absorbing materials, pulses of energy from the beam, which are obtained by interrupting a c.w. beam, using a pulsed laser, or as a Q-switched configuration, are used so as to deactivate the macromolecular species of interest but not to damage significantly the absorbing material. The invention is also directed to the sterilization of air and other gases as well as liquids and is accomplished by exposing these vapors or fluids to the beam.
摘要翻译：改变（即，去激活或激活）大分子物质的生物活性的方法，该方法采用激发光束辐射的频率，其激发照射物种的振动和旋转状态，并具有足以激活物种的强度（但低于变性水平）或达到使得决定空间特性的弱键（例如，氢键）以及因此大分子的生物活性被不可逆地破坏到大分子失去其原始形式（变性过程）并假定的程度一个无效（变性）配置。后者是灭菌或灭活过程，并且对于这种灭菌，大分子物质可以设置在高反射表面上，例如金属，其反射光束并且能够扩大破坏特性，或者在吸收表面如塑料，通常会被梁破坏的布或纸。在吸收材料的情况下，来自梁的能量脉冲，其通过中断c.w.获得。使用脉冲激光束，或者作为Q开关配置，以便使感兴趣的大分子物质失活，但不会显着损害吸收材料。本发明还涉及空气和其它气体以及液体的灭菌，并且通过将这些蒸气或流体暴露于梁来实现。

2. 发明授权

US4115280A Apparatus for altering the biological and chemical activity of molecular species 失效
标题翻译：用于改变分子物种的生物和化学活性的装置
公开(公告)号：US4115280A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-19
申请号：US601122
申请日：1975-07-31
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
IPC分类号： A23L3/26 , A61L2/08 , B01J19/12 , B01K1/00
CPC分类号： B01J19/121 , A23L3/26 , A61L2/08
摘要： Apparatus for altering (i.e., deactivating or activating) the biological or chemical activity of macromolecular species that employs laser beam radiation at a frequency that excites vibrational and rotational states of the irradiated species and at an intensity sufficient to activate the species (but below the denaturation level) or to a level such that the weak bonds -- e.g., hydrogen bonds -- that determine the spatial character, and hence the biological activity of macromolecules are irreversibly broken to such extent that the macromolecule loses its original form (the process of denaturation) and assumes an inactive (denatured) configuration. In the case of absorbing materials, pulses of energy from the beam, which are obtained by interrupting a c.w. beam, using a pulsed laser, or as a Q-switched configuration, are used. In a broad sense, the invention is primarily directed to the breakdown of large molecules either into varieties with different spatial characteristics or into smaller molecular units. This is effected by exposure to laser radiation which excites vibrational and rotational states of the irradiated species to such an extent that substantially irreversible chemical changes take place. These changes can in some instances occur in the species itself without the presence of any other reacting chemical agents. In other instances, the laser may effect a change by enhancing or retarding a chemical reaction among different species.
摘要翻译：用于改变（即，去激活或激活）大分子物质的生物或化学活性的装置，其以激发照射物种的振动和旋转状态的频率并且以足以激活物种的强度（但低于变性）水平）或水平，使得确定空间特征的弱键（例如氢键）以及因此大分子的生物活性被不可逆地破坏到大分子失去其原始形式（变性过程）和假定为非活动（变性）配置。在吸收材料的情况下，来自梁的能量脉冲，其通过中断c.w.获得。使用脉冲激光束，或作为Q开关配置。在广义上，本发明主要涉及大分子分解成具有不同空间特征的品种或更小的分子单元。这是通过暴露于激发辐射的激光辐射来实现的，其程度使得基本上不可逆的化学变化发生。在某些情况下，这些变化可以在物种本身中发生，而不存在任何其它反应化学试剂。在其他情况下，激光可以通过增强或延缓不同物种之间的化学反应来影响变化。

3. 发明授权

US4087719A Spark plug 失效
标题翻译：火花塞
公开(公告)号：US4087719A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-02
申请号：US663648
申请日：1976-03-04
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
IPC分类号： F02P13/00 , A63H33/26 , H01T13/20 , H01T13/46 , H01T13/52 , H01J7/44 , H01J13/46 , H01J17/34 , H01K1/62
CPC分类号： H01T13/20 , H01T13/462
摘要： A spark plug wherein corona discharge is employed to create a long arc and to determine, in part, the path of the arc, electrodes of the spark plug being shaped, oriented and positioned to create an arc of desired length, orientation and at a desired location as well as to effect electromagnetic interaction between electric current in the arc and the current in at least one of the electrodes to provide a force on the arc which acts in consort with the electrode shapes, positions and orientations to control its spatial behavior, the electrode configuration being further selected so that ionized species in the flame of ignited fuel are subjected to a high electric field over a substantial volume.
摘要翻译：一种火花塞，其中使用电晕放电来产生长弧并且部分地确定电弧的路径，火花塞的电极被成形，定向和定位成产生所需长度，取向和期望的弧位置以及影响电弧中的电流与至少一个电极中的电流之间的电磁相互作用，以提供与电极形状，位置和取向一致以控制其空间行为的电弧上的力，进一步选择电极配置，使得点燃燃料的火焰中的电离物质在相当大的体积上经受高电场。

4. 发明授权

US3974412A Spark plug employing both corona discharge and arc discharge and a system employing the same 失效
标题翻译：采用电晕放电和电弧放电的火花塞和采用它的系统
公开(公告)号：US3974412A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-10
申请号：US546232
申请日：1975-02-03
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
IPC分类号： F02P9/00 , H01T13/20 , H01T13/50
CPC分类号： H01T13/50 , F02P9/007 , H01T13/20
摘要： A spark plug wherein corona discharge is employed to create a long arc and to determine, in part, the path of the arc, electrodes of the spark plug being shaped, oriented and positioned to create an arc of desired length and at a desired location as well as to effect electromagnetic interaction between electric current in the arc and the electrodes to provide a force on the arc which acts to control its spatial behavior. The spark plug includes means to enhance the electromagnetic interaction.
摘要翻译：一种火花塞，其中使用电晕放电来产生长弧并且部分地确定电弧的路径，火花塞的电极被成形，定向和定位成产生所需长度的弧并且在期望的位置处以及在电弧和电极之间的电流之间产生电磁相互作用，以在电弧上产生作用来控制其空间行为的力。火花塞包括增强电磁相互作用的装置。

5. 发明授权

US4913157A Ultrasound method and apparatus for evaluating, in vivo, bone conditions 失效
标题翻译：用于评估，体内，骨条件的超声方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4913157A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US870175
申请日：1986-06-03
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Paul Duchnowski
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Paul Duchnowski
IPC分类号： A61B10/00 , A61B8/00 , A61B8/08 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/42 , G01N29/44
CPC分类号： G01N29/42 , A61B8/0875 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/4427 , G01N29/449 , A61B8/485 , G01N2291/011 , G01N2291/02483 , G01N2291/02854 , G01N2291/0421 , G01N2291/0422
摘要： A system for analyzing bone conditions, particularly (but not solely) for diagnosing osteoporosis and periodontal bone disease in humans. An ultrasonic signal (generally a pulse) having at least two components of distinguishable waveshape or frequency content in a range from about 100 kHz to about 3 MHz is launched transdermally into the patient, through a bony member such as the patella, and received at the other side. The transmission through the bony member and surrounding soft tissue varies in both amplitude and phase as a function of frequency, and the velocity of transmission varies between the bony member and the soft tissue. A variety of techniques are employed for analyzing the transmission of the ultrasonic signal to assess bone condition. These include at least: comparing the transit times through the bony member of energy in a first frequency range and energy in a second frequency; evaluating the transfer function through the bony member (i.e., gain and/or phase) of the portion of the signal travelling through the bony member; evaluating a gain function of the power spectrum of the portion of the signal transmitted through the bone, including the evaluation of the area under such gain function and/or the magnitude and location of its peak amplitude. The velocity of ultrasound energy through the bony member also may be deduced by determining the duration of travel of the ultrasound signal through the bony member and soft tissue and adjusting such composite velocity by a soft tissue normalization factor. Such information is then compared to a data base of prior measurements for the same patient and/or for the population at large, to determine a probability that the patient's bone condition is abnormal.
摘要翻译：一种用于分析骨骼状况的系统，特别是（但不是仅仅）用于诊断人类的骨质疏松症和牙周骨疾病。具有在约100kHz至约3MHz范围内的可区分波形或频率含量的至少两个分量的超声波信号（通常为脉冲）通过诸如髌骨的骨骼成员经皮穿透进入患者，并且在另一边。通过骨骼成员和周围的软组织的传播在幅度和相位上都作为频率的函数而变化，并且传播速度在骨骼部件和软组织之间变化。采用各种技术来分析超声波信号的传输以评估骨骼状况。这些至少包括：将通过第一频率范围内的能量的骨骼成员和第二频率的能量的传播时间进行比较; 通过所述骨骼成员的信号的部分评估传递函数（即增益和/或相位）; 评估通过骨传播的信号部分的功率谱的增益函数，包括评估该增益函数下的面积和/或其峰值振幅的幅度和位置。通过骨组件的超声能量的速度也可以通过确定超声信号通过骨组织和软组织的行程持续时间并通过软组织标准化因子调节这种复合速度来推导出来。然后将这样的信息与同一患者和/或整个群体的先前测量的数据库进行比较，以确定患者的骨骼状况异常的概率。

6. 发明授权

US4421119A Apparatus for establishing in vivo, bone strength 失效
标题翻译：用于建立体内，骨强度的装置
公开(公告)号：US4421119A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US329932
申请日：1981-12-11
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B8/08 , A61B17/16 , A61D1/00 , A61B10/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/4504 , A61B17/16 , A61B8/0875 , A61D1/00 , A61B5/4523 , A61B5/4533
摘要： A system for establishing, in vivo, the strength of bone in a live being such as, for example, a horse. The system permits determination of the speed of travel of sound through the bone and the strength of the bone is assessed on the basis of said speed of travel.
摘要翻译：一种用于在体内建立活体中例如马的骨骼的强度的系统。该系统允许确定通过骨骼的声音的行进速度，并且基于所述行进速度来评估骨骼的强度。

7. 发明授权

US4283799A Pre-coated body implant 失效
标题翻译：预涂体植入物
公开(公告)号：US4283799A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-18
申请号：US73834
申请日：1979-09-10
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Robert Poss , Jeremy K. Chung
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Robert Poss , Jeremy K. Chung
IPC分类号： A61F2/00 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/36 , A61L27/34 , A61F1/00 , A61F1/03
CPC分类号： A61F2/30907 , A61L27/34 , A61F2002/30014 , A61F2002/3631 , A61F2002/3686 , A61F2250/0018 , A61F2310/00952
摘要： A pre-coated body implant, such as, for example, a hip prosthesis, in which that portion of the implant that attaches to or is inserted into a skeletal member of the body has a pre-coating of a material (e.g., an acrylic material) covering all or most of said portion and bonded thereto.
摘要翻译：预先涂覆的身体植入物，例如髋关节假体，其中植入物附着或被插入到身体的骨骼构件中的部分具有材料的预涂层（例如丙烯酸材料），其覆盖所有部分或大部分所述部分并结合到其上。

8. 发明授权

US4020388A Discharge device 失效
标题翻译：放电装置
公开(公告)号：US4020388A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-26
申请号：US508381
申请日：1974-09-23
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr.
IPC分类号： F02P13/00 , F02B1/04 , F02B17/00 , F02B51/04 , H01T13/22 , H01T13/50 , H01T13/20
CPC分类号： H01T13/50 , F02B17/00 , F02B51/04 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/126
摘要： A discharge device for igniting a fuel-air mixture whereby fuel droplets in the mixture are electrically charged and, under the influence of an electric field, caused to congregate at a region thereby concentrating the mixture at said region, means being provided to create an arc at said region. A device of more general use is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：一种用于点燃燃料 - 空气混合物的排出装置，由此混合物中的燃料液滴被带电，并且在电场的影响下，聚集在一个区域上，从而将混合物集中在所述区域，在该地区。还公开了一般使用的装置。

9. 发明授权

US4399814A Method and apparatus for pressure-coated bones 失效
标题翻译：压力涂层骨的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4399814A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-23
申请号：US258073
申请日：1981-04-27
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Robert Poss , Timothy T. Lane
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Robert Poss , Timothy T. Lane
IPC分类号： A61F2/00 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/46 , A61M1/00 , A61F5/04
CPC分类号： A61B17/8811 , A61B17/8808 , A61B2217/005 , A61F2/30723 , A61F2002/30581 , A61F2310/00952
摘要： A method of coating a portion of the walls and effecting a degree of penetration into a bone with a coating material to produce a modified bone surface, the method comprising: introducing the coating material onto the bone surface in an initial physical state; applying pressure to the coating material to force the material into the structure of the bone; and maintaining pressure on the coating material until it reaches a desired final physical state.
摘要翻译：一种涂覆一部分壁并通过涂覆材料进入骨的程度以产生修饰的骨表面的方法，所述方法包括：以初始物理状态将涂层材料引入骨表面; 向涂料施加压力以迫使材料进入骨的结构; 并且保持涂层材料上的压力，直到其达到所需的最终物理状态。

10. 发明授权

US4382660A Optical transistors and logic circuits embodying the same 失效
标题翻译：光晶体管和体现其的逻辑电路
公开(公告)号：US4382660A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US689418
申请日：1976-06-16
申请人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Kantilal Jain
发明人： George W. Pratt, Jr. , Kantilal Jain
IPC分类号： G02F3/00 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： G02F3/00
摘要： An optical transistor wherein an optical medium receives a pump signal and produces therefrom an internal optical signal, an optical control signal being directed into the optical medium to perturb the optical properties of the medium and to thereby modify the amplitude of the internal optical signal. A plurality of optical transistors are shown in various logic configurations.
摘要翻译：一种光学晶体管，其中光学介质接收泵浦信号并由其产生内部光学信号，光学控制信号被引导到光学介质中以扰乱介质的光学特性，从而修改内部光学信号的幅度。以各种逻辑配置示出了多个光晶体管。

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