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1. 发明授权

US4676208A Air-compressing reciprocating-piston-equipped internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：空气压缩往复活塞式内燃机
公开(公告)号：US4676208A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US859717
申请日：1986-05-05
申请人： Franz Moser , Franz Rammer , Helmut Priesner
发明人： Franz Moser , Franz Rammer , Helmut Priesner
IPC分类号： F02B3/06 , F02B23/06 , F02F3/26
CPC分类号： F02B23/0696 , F02B2275/14 , F02B23/0621 , F02B23/0624 , F02B23/0669 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/125
摘要： An air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine comprises, in a piston head of the piston, a cavity being axially symmetrical about a central cavity axis and constituting a combustion chamber, as well as a fuel injection nozzle for injecting fuel directly into the said cavity. The nozzle has a longitudinal nozzle axis which encloses with the central cavity axis an acute angle. In order to generate a rotary motion of an air charge fed into the said cavity, there is provided a correspondingly designed air-feeding unit. A uniform distribution of the fuel in the cavity serving as combustion chamber is achieved by subdividing the cavity into imaginary compartments with the aid of dividing planes extending parallel with the central cavity axis, and each dividing plane through a different one of the axes through at least three orifices of the nozzle, in such a manner that the ratio of the fuel quantity ejected by a given nozzle orifice, in a specific injection phase, to the total amount of fuel ejected by all orifices of the nozzle during the same phase is about equal to the ratio of the volume of the respective imaginary compartment, following in the direction of air charge rotation after the said given nozzle, to the entire volume of the air charge in the piston cavity serving as the combustion chamber.
摘要翻译：具有空气压缩往复运动活塞的内燃机在活塞的活塞头中包括围绕中心腔轴线对称并构成燃烧室的空腔以及用于将燃料直接喷入燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴说腔喷嘴具有纵向喷嘴轴线，其中心腔轴线以锐角包围。为了产生进入所述空腔的空气进料的旋转运动，提供了相应设计的空气供给单元。燃料在用作燃烧室的空腔中的均匀分布通过借助于与中心腔轴线平行延伸的分割平面将空腔细分成虚拟隔室来实现，并且每个分隔平面至少通过不同的一个轴线至少喷嘴的三个喷嘴，使得在特定注射阶段中由给定喷嘴孔喷射的燃料量与在同一相位期间喷嘴的所有孔喷射的燃料总量的比率大约相等相对于在所述给定喷嘴之后的空气充气旋转方向上的相应虚拟隔室的体积的比率与用作燃烧室的活塞腔中的空气充量的整个体积的比率。

2. 发明授权

US4676210A Air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：空气压缩往复活塞式内燃机
公开(公告)号：US4676210A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US858967
申请日：1986-05-02
申请人： Franz Moser , Franz Rammer , Helmut Priesner
发明人： Franz Moser , Franz Rammer , Helmut Priesner
IPC分类号： F02B3/06 , F02B23/06 , F02F1/24 , F02B31/00
CPC分类号： F02B23/0696 , F02B23/0624 , F02B2275/14 , F02B23/0621 , F02B23/0669 , F02B3/06 , F02F2001/247 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/125
摘要： An air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine comprises, in the frontal face of a piston head, a rotation-symmetrical cavity as a combustion chamber, a fuel-feeding unit generating a rotary motion of the air charge entering the cavity, and a fuel injection unit. The fuel injection unit is provided with an injection nozzle for injecting fuel directly into the cavity constituting the combustion chamber. In order to achieve a higher degree of efficiency, a decrease of the emission of polluting gases and of noise, as well as a relief of the mechanically highly stressed parts of the engine, the rotary motion of the air charge generated by the fuel-feeding unit is given a swirl number of about 1.5 to 2.5. Furthermore, the diameter (d) of the combustion chamber-constituting cavity is between about 55 to 75% of the diameter (D) of the cylinder, and finally, the fuel injection nozzle has at least four orifices.
摘要翻译：具有空气压缩往复活塞的内燃机在活塞头的正面包括作为燃烧室的旋转对称的空腔，产生进入空腔的空气的旋转运动的燃料供给单元，以及燃料喷射单元。燃料喷射单元设置有用于将燃料直接喷射到构成燃烧室的空腔中的喷嘴。为了实现更高的效率，减少污染气体的排放和噪音，以及减轻发动机的机械应力高的部分，由燃料供给产生的空气的旋转运动单位给出约1.5至2.5的漩涡数。此外，燃烧室构成空腔的直径（d）在缸的直径（D）的约55〜75％之间，最后，燃料喷射喷嘴具有至少四个孔。

3. 发明授权

US5692469A Braking a four stroke IC engine 失效
标题翻译：制造四冲程IC引擎
公开(公告)号：US5692469A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-02
申请号：US628286
申请日：1996-04-05
申请人： Franz Rammer , Helmut Priesner , Ludwig Stegmuller , Franz Leitenmayr
发明人： Franz Rammer , Helmut Priesner , Ludwig Stegmuller , Franz Leitenmayr
IPC分类号： F01L1/18 , F01L1/24 , F01L13/06 , F02B75/02 , F02D9/06 , F02D13/04
CPC分类号： F01L13/06 , F01L1/181 , F02B2075/027
摘要： In a method for braking a four-stroke internal combustion engine having cylinders each having a combustion chamber and at least one outlet valve connected to an outlet system and controlled by an engine camshaft, wherein the outlet system comprises a choke device, the flow of exhaust gas in the outlet system is choked with the choke device such that the exhaust gas upstream of the choke device is subjected to a pressure increase. The outlet valve is opened intermediately with the pressure increase in the exhaust gas such that the exhaust gas flows back into the combustion chamber. The outlet valve is positively maintained in a part-open position with a control device, operating independently of the engine camshaft and incorporated into an outlet valve actuating mechanism, during a subsequent compression stroke of the engine for a period of time ending at the latest when the engine camshaft acts on the outlet valve in order to fully open the outlet valve.
摘要翻译：在一种用于制动四冲程内燃机的方法中，所述四冲程内燃机具有各自具有燃烧室和连接到出口系统并由发动机凸轮轴控制的至少一个出口阀的缸，其中所述出口系统包括扼流装置，所述排气流出口系统中的气体被扼流装置阻塞，使得阻塞装置上游的排气受到压力增加。出口阀随着排气中的压力增加而打开，使得废气流回到燃烧室中。在随后的发动机压缩冲程期间，出口阀通过控制装置被积极地保持在部分打开位置，控制装置独立于发动机凸轮轴并且并入到出口阀致动机构中，持续一段时间到最后结束发动机凸轮轴作用在出口阀上，以便完全打开出口阀。

4. 发明授权

US08931456B2 Method and device for engine braking 有权
标题翻译：发动机制动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08931456B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-13
申请号：US13190544
申请日：2011-07-26
申请人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
发明人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
IPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01L1/18 , F01L13/06 , F02B37/02 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02D13/04 , F02D41/00 , F02D41/14
CPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01L1/181 , F01L13/06 , F02B37/025 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02D13/04 , F02D41/0007 , F02D41/0055 , F02D41/1448 , F02D2200/0406 , F02D2250/34 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/47
摘要： A method for engine braking of an engine which has at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger with an exhaust-gas turbine acted on by an exhaust-gas flow and a charge air compressor. A device for throttling exhaust-gas flow is arranged between exhaust outlet valves and the exhaust-gas turbocharger, and a bypass line conducts the exhaust-gas flow past the throttling device, the exhaust-gas flow being conducted through the at least one bypass line to a turbine wheel of the exhaust-gas turbine. An exhaust gas counter-pressure and a charge air pressure are measured. Based on the measurement, an optimum position of the throttling device to obtain a predetermined braking action is determined. The exhaust-gas counter-pressure and the charge air pressure are subsequently controlled by adjusting the throttling device corresponding to the determination of the optimum position of the throttling device.
摘要翻译：一种用于发动机的发动机制动方法，该发动机具有至少一个废气涡轮增压器，该废气涡轮增压器具有由废气流动的排气涡轮机和增压空气压缩机。在排气出口阀和废气涡轮增压器之间设有用于节流废气流的装置，并且旁路管线使废气流通过节流装置，废气流通过至少一个旁通管线到排气涡轮机的涡轮机叶轮。测量废气反压力和增压空气压力。基于该测量，确定节流装置获得预定制动动作的最佳位置。然后通过根据节流装置的最佳位置的确定来调节节流装置来控制排气逆压和增压空气压力。

5. 发明申请

US20050087170A1 Engine air brake device for a 4-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine 有权
标题翻译：用于四冲程往复活塞内燃机的发动机空气制动装置
公开(公告)号：US20050087170A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-28
申请号：US10971548
申请日：2004-10-22
申请人： Franz Rammer , Gottfried Raab , Franz Leitenmayr
发明人： Franz Rammer , Gottfried Raab , Franz Leitenmayr
IPC分类号： F01N5/04 , F01L1/26 , F01L13/06 , F01N13/08 , F02D9/06 , F02D13/02 , F02D13/04
CPC分类号： F01L13/065 , F01L1/146 , F01L1/181 , F01L1/26 , F01L2820/02
摘要： An engine air brake device for a 4-stroke reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine is provided and has at least one intake valve and two exhaust valves per cylinder. The exhaust train incorporates a throttling device actuatable for engine deceleration so that an exhaust back pressure builds up in the accumulated exhaust gas upstream of the throttling device and becomes effective in conjunction with an engine-internal braking device associated to only one of the two exhaust valves for each cylinder, the other exhaust valve being controlled conventionally. The engine-internal braking device comprises a control piston installed in the valve bridge and pressed in the direction of the exhaust valve from a control pressure chamber supplied with pressurized oil and possibly also by means of an additional control compression spring.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于四冲程往复活塞内燃机的发动机空气制动装置，并且每个气缸具有至少一个进气门和两个排气门。排气系统包括可致动用于发动机减速的节流装置，使得在节流装置上游的累积废气中积聚排气背压，并且与仅与两个排气门中的仅一个相关联的发动机内部制动装置有效对于每个气缸，通常控制另一个排气阀。发动机内部制动装置包括安装在阀桥中的控制活塞，并且从提供有加压油的控制压力室和可能还通过附加的控制压缩弹簧沿排气阀的方向按压。

6. 发明授权

US07523736B2 Device for increasing the braking power of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle during an engine braking operation 有权
标题翻译：一种用于在发动机制动操作期间增加车辆的多缸内燃机的制动功率的装置
公开(公告)号：US07523736B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-28
申请号：US11641612
申请日：2006-12-19
申请人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
发明人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
IPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F02D23/00 , F02B37/013 , F02B37/02 , F02B37/18 , F02B33/44
CPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01N13/107 , F02B37/004 , F02B37/025 , F02B37/22 , F02D9/103 , F02D9/1055 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A device for increasing the braking power of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle during engine braking operation includes a turbo supercharger and an exhaust gas turbine for each stage thereof. A respective bypass line branches off from a region of two exhaust gas header pipes that can be blocked by throttle valves. Each bypass line communicates with a nozzle bore in a turbine wall. During an engine braking operation, two partial exhaust gas streams are branched off by the bypass lines from exhaust gas retained in blocked header pipes and strike turbine wheel blades at high pressure and high speed, whereupon the turbo supercharger is driven in an accelerated manner and compressed air is supplied to combustion chambers of the engine and is there effective to increase braking power.
摘要翻译：用于在发动机制动操作期间增加车辆的多气缸内燃机的制动功率的装置包括用于其各级的涡轮增压器和排气涡轮机。相应的旁路管线从可被节流阀阻塞的两个排气总管的区域分支。每个旁路管路与涡轮机壁中的喷嘴孔连通。在发动机制动操作期间，两个部分废气流由旁路管线从保留在堵塞的总管中的废气分支，并以高压和高速撞击涡轮机叶片，于是涡轮增压器以加速的方式被驱动并被压缩空气被供应到发动机的燃烧室，并且有效地增加制动功率。

7. 发明申请

US20070137200A1 Device for increasing the braking power of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle during an engine braking operation 有权
标题翻译：一种用于在发动机制动操作期间增加车辆的多缸内燃机的制动功率的装置
公开(公告)号：US20070137200A1
公开(公告)日：2007-06-21
申请号：US11641612
申请日：2006-12-19
申请人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
发明人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
IPC分类号： F02D23/00 , F02B33/44 , F02D9/06
CPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01N13/107 , F02B37/004 , F02B37/025 , F02B37/22 , F02D9/103 , F02D9/1055 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A device for increasing the braking power of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle during engine braking operation including a turbosupercharger and an exhaust gas turbine for each stage thereof. A respective bypass line branches off from a region of two exhaust gas header pipes that can be blocked by throttle valves. Each bypass line communicates with a nozzle bore in a turbine wall. The nozzle bores are in a plane perpendicular to a turbine wheel axis and extend either parallel next to one another or at an acute angle to and merging with one another. The nozzle bores open out into the turbine chamber directed tangentially onto the outer portion of the turbine wheel. During an engine braking operation, two partial exhaust gas streams are branched off by the bypass lines from exhaust gas retained in blocked header pipes and strike turbine wheel blades at high pressure and high speed, whereupon the turbosupercharger is driven in an accelerated manner and compressed air is supplied to combustion chambers of the engine and is there effective to increase braking power.
摘要翻译：一种用于在发动机制动操作期间增加车辆的多缸内燃机的制动功率的装置，包括其级的涡轮增压器和排气涡轮机。相应的旁路管线从可被节流阀阻塞的两个排气总管的区域分支。每个旁路管路与涡轮机壁中的喷嘴孔连通。喷嘴孔位于垂直于涡轮机叶轮轴线的平面中，彼此相邻或以锐角彼此平行或并联延伸。喷嘴孔向外敞开进入涡轮室，该涡轮室相切地指向涡轮机叶轮的外部。在发动机制动操作期间，两个部分废气流由旁路管线从保留在堵塞的总管中的废气分支，并以高压和高速冲击涡轮机叶片，于是涡轮增压器以加速的方式驱动并且压缩空气被供应到发动机的燃烧室，并且有效地增加制动功率。

8. 发明授权

US08831861B2 Method and device for engine braking 有权
标题翻译：发动机制动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08831861B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-09
申请号：US13190540
申请日：2011-07-26
申请人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
发明人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01L13/06 , F02B37/025 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02D13/04 , F02D41/0007 , F02D41/1448 , F02D2200/0406 , F02D2250/34 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A method for engine braking of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle, which is preferably an engine operating on the diesel principle. The engine has at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger with an exhaust-gas turbine and a charge air compressor, and an exhaust manifold which supplies the exhaust-gas flow from outlet valves of the engine to the exhaust-gas turbocharger. A throttle device is connected between the outlet valves and the turbocharger for throttling the exhaust-gas flow and causing a pressure increase in the exhaust gas for engine braking upstream. An exhaust-gas counter-pressure and a charge air pressure are measured and, based on the measurement, a position of the throttle device can be determined to obtain a predetermined braking action. Then the exhaust-gas counter-pressure and the charge air pressure are closed-loop controlled by adjusting the throttle device corresponding to the previously determined position of the throttle device. A device for engine braking, preferably a diesel engine, has a system for carrying out the novel method.
摘要翻译：一种用于车辆的多缸内燃机的发动机制动方法，其优选地是以柴油原理运行的发动机。发动机具有至少一个具有排气涡轮机和增压空气压缩机的废气涡轮增压器，以及将排气流从发动机的出口阀排出到排气涡轮增压器的排气歧管。节气门装置连接在出口阀和涡轮增压器之间，用于节流排气流，并使排气中的压力增加用于发动机制动上游。测量排气逆压和增压空气压力，并且基于测量，可以确定节流装置的位置以获得预定的制动动作。然后，通过调节与先前确定的节流装置的位置对应的节流装置来对排气逆压和增压空气压力进行闭环控制。用于发动机制动的装置，优选地是柴油发动机，具有用于执行新颖方法的系统。

9. 发明申请

US20120017869A1 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENGINE BRAKING 有权
标题翻译：发动机制动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20120017869A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-26
申请号：US13190544
申请日：2011-07-26
申请人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
发明人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
IPC分类号： F02D9/06
CPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01L1/181 , F01L13/06 , F02B37/025 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02D13/04 , F02D41/0007 , F02D41/0055 , F02D41/1448 , F02D2200/0406 , F02D2250/34 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/47
摘要： A method for engine braking of an engine operating preferably on the diesel principle. Here, the engine has at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger having an exhaust-gas turbine acted on by an exhaust-gas flow and having a charge air compressor, which exhaust-gas turbine and charge air compressor are arranged on a common shaft. The engine also has an exhaust manifold which conducts the exhaust-gas flow from outlet valves of the engine to the exhaust-gas turbocharger, and has a device for throttling the exhaust-gas flow arranged between the outlet valves and the exhaust-gas turbocharger, and also has at least one bypass line for conducting the exhaust-gas flow past the throttling device, the exhaust-gas flow being conducted through the at least one bypass line to a turbine wheel of the exhaust-gas turbine, the exhaust-gas flow being throttled and a pressure increase in the exhaust gas thus being generated upstream of the device for throttling the exhaust-gas flow. According to the method, a measurement of an exhaust-gas counter-pressure and of a charge air pressure preferably take place. On the basis of the measurement of the exhaust-gas counter-pressure and of the charge air pressure, a determination of an optimum position of the device for throttling the exhaust-gas flow to obtain a predetermined braking action can be carried out. The exhaust-gas counter-pressure and of the charge air pressure are subsequently controlled by adjusting the device for throttling the exhaust-gas flow corresponding to the determination of the optimum position of the throttling device.
摘要翻译：一种发动机制动方法，优选在柴油原理上运行。这里，发动机具有至少一个废气涡轮增压器，该废气涡轮增压器具有作为排气流动的排气涡轮机，并具有增压空气压缩机，该排气涡轮机和增压空气压缩机设置在公共轴上。发动机还具有排气歧管，该排气歧管将从发动机的出口阀排出的废气流引导到排气涡轮增压器，并且具有用于节流布置在出口阀和废气涡轮增压器之间的废气流的装置，并且还具有用于使废气流经过节流装置的至少一条旁路管线，该废气流通过该至少一条旁通管线传导至排气涡轮机的涡轮机叶轮，排气流被节流并且因此在用于节流排气流的装置的上游产生废气的压力增加。根据该方法，优选进行排气对压和增压空气压力的测定。基于排气逆压和增压空气压力的测量，可以确定用于节流排气流量的装置的最佳位置以获得预定的制动动作。随后通过调节用于节流排气流量的装置来控制排气逆压和增压空气压力，该装置对应于确定节流装置的最佳位置。

10. 发明申请

US20120017868A1 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENGINE BRAKING 有权
标题翻译：发动机制动的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20120017868A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-26
申请号：US13190540
申请日：2011-07-26
申请人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
发明人： Franz Rammer , Franz Leitenmayr , Gottfried Raab
IPC分类号： F02D9/06
CPC分类号： F02D9/06 , F01L13/06 , F02B37/025 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02D13/04 , F02D41/0007 , F02D41/1448 , F02D2200/0406 , F02D2250/34 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A method for engine braking of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle, which is preferably an engine operating on the diesel principle. The engine has at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger with an exhaust-gas turbine and a charge air compressor, and an exhaust manifold which supplies the exhaust-gas flow from outlet valves of the engine to the exhaust-gas turbocharger. A throttle device is connected between the outlet valves and the turbocharger for throttling the exhaust-gas flow and causing a pressure increase in the exhaust gas for engine braking upstream. An exhaust-gas counter-pressure and a charge air pressure are measured and, based on the measurement, a position of the throttle device can be determined to obtain a predetermined braking action. Then the exhaust-gas counter-pressure and the charge air pressure are closed-loop controlled by adjusting the throttle device corresponding to the previously determined position of the throttle device. A device for engine braking, preferably a diesel engine, has a system for carrying out the novel method.
摘要翻译：一种用于车辆的多缸内燃机的发动机制动方法，其优选地是以柴油原理运行的发动机。发动机具有至少一个具有排气涡轮机和增压空气压缩机的废气涡轮增压器，以及将排气流从发动机的出口阀排出到排气涡轮增压器的排气歧管。节气门装置连接在出口阀和涡轮增压器之间，用于节流排气流，并使排气中的压力增加用于发动机制动上游。测量排气逆压和增压空气压力，并且基于测量，可以确定节流装置的位置以获得预定的制动动作。然后，通过调节与先前确定的节流装置的位置对应的节流装置来对排气逆压和增压空气压力进行闭环控制。用于发动机制动的装置，优选地是柴油发动机，具有用于执行新颖方法的系统。

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