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    • 8. 发明授权
    • Process for recovering oil from tar sands
    • 从焦油砂中回收油的工艺
    • US5320746A
    • 1994-06-14
    • US608130
    • 1990-11-01
    • Robert C. GreenGordon F. StuntzRussell J. Koveal
    • Robert C. GreenGordon F. StuntzRussell J. Koveal
    • C10G1/00C10G1/04
    • C10G1/047C10G1/002
    • A process for recovering oil from tar sands by subjecting the tar sands to aqueous extraction to produce a bitumen-rich layer containing bitumen, water and solids and a bitumen-lean layer containing relatively less bitumen and relatively more water and solids. The solids present in the bitumen-lean layer contain a substantial portion of finely divided clay having adhered organic matter. The clay solids are retained with the bitumen from the bitumen-lean layer and the bitumen-clay mixture is pyrolyzed. Pyrolysis of the bitumen-lean layer containing clay having adhered organic matter reduces the volume of aqueous tailings which would otherwise be produced and also results in increased hydrocarbon yields.
    • 通过对焦油砂进行含水萃取以产生含有沥青,水和固体的沥青富含层以及含有相对较少的沥青和相对较多的水和固体的沥青贫层,从沥青砂中回收油的方法。 存在于贫沥青层中的固体含有大部分具有粘附有机物质的细碎粘土。 粘土固体与贫沥青层的沥青一起保留,沥青 - 粘土混合物被热解。 含有附着有机物质的含有粘土的贫沥青层的热解减少了否则将产生的含水尾矿的体积,并且还导致增加的烃产率。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Passivation of metal contaminants in cat cracking
    • 猫裂纹中金属污染物的钝化
    • US4504380A
    • 1985-03-12
    • US525826
    • 1983-08-23
    • Gordon F. StuntzTerry A. Reid
    • Gordon F. StuntzTerry A. Reid
    • C10G11/04C10G11/18C10G11/00
    • C10G11/04C10G11/18Y10S502/521
    • A method for passivating metal contaminants present in a hydrocarbon feedstock which become deposited on cracking catalyst is described. The method is directed at passing the cracking catalyst through a passivation zone having a reducing atmosphere maintained at an elevated temperature by the introduction of a process reducing gas. The unsaturated hydrocarbon content of the reducing gas is decreased prior to the introduction of the process reducing gas into the passivation zone to thereby lower the rate of coke formation. In a preferred embodiment process reducing gas is passed through a hydrogenation zone adapted to hydrogenate an unsaturated hydrocarbon present in the process reducing gas prior to the process reducing gas being added to the passivation zone.
    • 描述了一种钝化沉积在裂化催化剂上的烃原料中存在的金属污染物的方法。 该方法涉及通过引入工艺还原气体使裂化催化剂通过具有保持在高温下的还原气氛的钝化区。 在将工艺还原气体引入钝化区之前,还原气体的不饱和烃含量降低,从而降低焦炭形成速率。 在一个优选的实施方案中,还原气体通过适于在工艺中存在的不饱和烃氢化的氢化区,还原气体在还原气体被加入钝化区之前。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Process for reducing coke formation in heavy feed catalytic cracking
    • 重质进料催化裂化中焦炭形成减少的方法
    • US4370220A
    • 1983-01-25
    • US285817
    • 1981-07-22
    • Roby BeardenGordon F. Stuntz
    • Roby BeardenGordon F. Stuntz
    • B01J21/20B01J29/90C10G11/02C10G11/18C10G9/16
    • B01J29/90B01J21/20C10G11/02C10G11/187
    • A method for decreasing the amount of hydrogen and coke produced during the cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock to lower molecular weight products in a reaction zone is disclosed, where the feedstock contains at least one metal contaminant selected from the class consisting of nickel, vanadium and iron and where the contaminant becomes deposited on the catalyst such that at least 50 wt. % of the total of the metal contaminants comprises only one of the metal contaminants. The method comprises monitoring the composition of the metal contaminant on the catalyst, adding an effective passivating amount of at least one of the metal contaminants which is not the major contaminant on the catalyst and passing catalyst from the reaction zone through a regeneration zone operated under net reducing conditions and through a reduction zone maintained at an elevated temperature.
    • 公开了一种在反应区中将烃原料裂解成较低分子量产物时产生的氢和焦炭的量减少的方法,其中原料含有至少一种选自镍,钒和铁的金属污染物, 其中污染物沉积在催化剂上,使得至少50wt。 金属污染物总量的百分比仅包括一种金属污染物。 该方法包括监测催化剂上的金属污染物的组成,在催化剂上添加不是主要污染物的至少一种金属污染物的有效钝化量,并将催化剂从反应区通过在网下运行的再生区 并且通过保持在高温下的还原区。