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    • 9. 发明授权
    • Long-lived reference cell simulating the .alpha. scintillation of
radon-222
    • 长寿命参考细胞模拟氡-231的α闪烁
    • US4177378A
    • 1979-12-04
    • US899329
    • 1978-04-24
    • William M. Stevens
    • William M. Stevens
    • G01T1/20G21F5/015G21G4/04G01D18/00
    • G01T1/20G21F5/015G21G4/04Y10S250/02
    • A reference cell simulating the light amplitude spectrum of an alpha scintillation cell containing radon.sup.222. The cell includes a gas-tight container having a transparent window. The interior of the container, aside from the window, has a coating of a luminescent material. Inside of the container lies an amount of radium.sup.226. The radium radioactively decays to produce alpha particles and radon.sup.222. The radon.sup.222 and its daughter particles also undergo radioactive decay to produce further alpha particles. The 1620-year half life of the radium.sup.226 assures an adequate supply of the radon.sup.222 for a greater time period than radon's 3.825-day half life. The production rate of the alpha particles within the container increases for a period of approximately 22 years after the cell's construction. Although the radium.sup.226 generally has a nonuniform distribution in the cell, the produced radon assumes a gaseous form and uniformly diffuses throughout the entire cell. The decay products of the radon.sup.222 return to the solid state and deposit uniformly on the cell's walls. The cell may allow the alpha particles from the radium.sup.226 to contact the luminescent material and produce light. Alternately, the cell may prevent the utilization of these alpha particles by interposing a barricade between the radium and the luminescent material. Making the cell involves coating the inside of the container with luminescent material while leaving the window clear. After placing the radium.sup.226 inside, the cell undergoes permanent sealing against the ingress or egress of gaseous components.
    • 模拟含有radon222的α闪烁细胞的光振幅谱的参考细胞。 电池包括具有透明窗口的气密容器。 容器的内部除了窗户外还具有发光材料的涂层。 在容器内部有一定数量的镭226。 镭放射性衰变产生α粒子和氡222. 氡-222及其子粒子也经历放射性衰变以产生另外的α粒子。 radium226的1620年半衰期确保了氡气的供应量比氡气的3.825天半衰期更长的时间。 容器内α粒子的生产速率在电池施工后大约22年的时间内增加。 虽然radium226通常在电池中具有不均匀的分布,但所产生的氡气呈气态,并在整个电池中均匀扩散。 氡气的衰变产物回到固态并均匀沉积在细胞壁上。 电池可以允许来自镭226的α粒子接触发光材料并产生光。 或者,电池可以通过在镭和发光材料之间插入路障来阻止这些α粒子的利用。 使细胞包括用发光材料涂覆容器内部,同时使窗户清洁。 放置镭226后,电池经过永久性密封,防止气体成分进出。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Strengthened scintillation cell
    • 加强闪烁细胞
    • US4128766A
    • 1978-12-05
    • US805629
    • 1977-06-13
    • William M. Stevens
    • William M. Stevens
    • G01T1/20G01J1/58
    • G01T1/20
    • A scintillation cell having cylindrical symmetry, thickened walls, and components with different coefficients of thermal expansion. A pliable epoxy bonds the components together and accommodates their varying expansions during temperature changes. The glass through which passes the luminescence produced by the radioactive particles to the photomultiplier tube sits inside of the cylindrical metal tube to which it attaches. This recessed configuration protects the glass when the cell contacts a flat surface. Producing the cell involves spraying the luminescent material onto the inside of a metal tube. The metal tube receives the luminescent material while both heated and spinning. The spinning, heated cell can receive a multitude of coats of material at each application and, thus, prepares for use rapidly and economically. Subsequently, the substantially clear glass bonds sufficiently far inside of the tube over its open end to provide the recessed configuration.
    • 具有圆柱形对称性,增厚壁和具有不同热膨胀系数的组分的闪烁单元。 柔软的环氧树脂将组分粘合在一起,并在温度变化期间适应它们的变化的扩展。 将由放射性粒子产生的发光通过光电倍增管的玻璃放置在与其相连的圆柱形金属管的内侧。 这种凹入的构造保护了玻璃,当电池接触平面时。 生产电池包括将发光材料喷射到金属管的内部。 金属管在加热和旋转的同时接收发光材料。 纺纱,加热的电池可以在每个应用中接收大量的材料,因此可以快速,经济地准备使用。 随后,基本上透明的玻璃在管的开口端足够远地结合,以提供凹陷构型。