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1. 发明授权

US5796096A Fabrication and applications of long-lifetime, holographic gratings in photorefractive materials 失效
$Fabrication and applications of long-lifetime, holographic gratings in photorefractive materials$
标题翻译：长寿命全息光栅在光折射材料中的制作和应用
公开(公告)号：US5796096A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US422509
申请日：1995-04-13
申请人： George Anthony Rakuljic , Victor Leyva , Amnon Yariv , Koichi Sayano , Arthur Bruce O'Connor , Charles E. Tyler , Xiaoping Mao , Harold Everett Miller, Jr.
发明人： George Anthony Rakuljic , Victor Leyva , Amnon Yariv , Koichi Sayano , Arthur Bruce O'Connor , Charles E. Tyler , Xiaoping Mao , Harold Everett Miller, Jr.
IPC分类号： G02B5/18 , G02B5/20 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/34 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/04 , G03H1/26 , G03H1/28 , G06K9/76 , G11B7/0065 , G11C13/04 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/08 , H01S3/109 , H01S3/16 , G01J3/50 , G01J3/28 , G02B27/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/4215 , G02B5/1857 , G02B5/203 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/29308 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/0248 , G03H1/28 , G06K9/76 , G11B7/0065 , G11C13/044 , H01S3/08009 , H01S3/109 , H01S3/16 , G02B6/2706 , G02B6/29314 , G02B6/29395 , G03H2001/026 , G03H2001/0268 , G03H2001/0439
摘要： Substantial improvements in photorefractive device lifetimes are provided by control of electron migration which results in the decay of gratings in photorefractive materials due to diffusion and other effects. A new class of photorefractive devices using compensating electronic and ionic gratings having relatively low efficiency but nonetheless usable gratings is provided by arranging the gratings to be reflective in a wavelength band outside the photo-excitation band of the photorefractive material, as by using an infrared operating wavelength. Longer lifetimes in high efficiency gratings are achieved by constant or periodic illumination of photorefractive materials to assure uniform charged distribution of electrons and maintenance of the ionic backbone grating.
摘要翻译：通过控制电子迁移来提供光折射器件寿命的显着改进，这导致光折射材料中的光栅由于扩散和其他影响而衰减。使用具有相对低效率但仍然可用的光栅的补偿电子和离子光栅的新类型的光折射装置通过将光栅布置成在光折射材料的光激发带外部的波长带内被反射的方式来提供，如通过使用红外线操作波长。通过光折变材料的恒定或周期性照明实现高效光栅寿命更长，以确保电子的均匀电荷分布和离子主干光栅的维护。

2. 发明授权

US06396606B1 Method of avoiding excessive polarization mode dispersion in an optical communications link 有权
标题翻译：避免光通信链路过度偏振模色散的方法
公开(公告)号：US06396606B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09220732
申请日：1998-12-24
申请人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： H04B1000
CPC分类号： H04B10/2569
摘要： A method and apparatus for managing state-of-polarization (SOP) controllers along an optical communications link. When the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in the link exceeds a preset limit as determined by a PMD compensator, the SOP controller is directed to change rotation angle in an arbitrary fashion. This shift is only undertaken after other indicators are examined to determine that PMD is the main problem affecting the link, and not simply a consequence of a separate problem that the SOP controller rotation angle should not try to fix. By reducing unnecessary SOP adjustments which can disrupt data traffic, the reliability of the optical link is improved.
摘要翻译：一种用于沿光通信链路管理偏振态（SOP）控制器的方法和装置。当链路中的偏振模色散（PMD）超过由PMD补偿器确定的预设极限时，SOP控制器被以任意方式改变旋转角度。这种转变仅在其他指标被检查以确定PMD是影响链路的主要问题之后进行，而不仅仅是SOP控制器旋转角度不应该修复的单独问题的结果。通过减少可能中断数据流量的不必要的SOP调整，提高了光链路的可靠性。

3. 发明授权

US06310993B1 Method and apparatus for chromatic dispersion compensation and dispersion slope compensation in wavelength division multiplexed systems utilizing a channel separator and virtually imaged phased arrays 失效
标题翻译：用于使用信道分离器和实际成像的相控阵列的波分复用系统中的色散补偿和色散斜率补偿的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06310993B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09470949
申请日：1999-12-22
申请人： Simon X. F. Cao , Xiaoping “Charles” Mao , Guohua Xiao
发明人： Simon X. F. Cao , Xiaoping “Charles” Mao , Guohua Xiao
IPC分类号： G02B628
CPC分类号： G02B6/29358 , G02B6/29349 , G02B6/29394 , H04B10/25137
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for an improved chromatic dispersion compensator. In an apparatus aspect, the present invention includes a channel separator for separating a wavelength division multiplexed light comprising a plurality of channels, the plurality of channels containing undesired chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope; and a plurality of partial-channel-set dispersion compensation devices optically coupled to the channel separator in a cascade arrangement, wherein each partial-channel-set dispersion compensation device includes: a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) optically coupled to the channel separator, and a light returning device optically coupled to the VIPA, wherein a combination of the VIPA and the light returning device compensates for the undesired chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope by propagating each wavelength of the plurality of channels along a different path length. The controlled difference between the periodicity of each VIPA's group delay response and the periodicity of the channel spacing causes the light of each channel input to the VIPA to acquire a different value of chromatic dispersion from that of every other channel input to the same VIPA, which is utilized so as to compensate dispersion slope. Advantages in using this chromatic dispersion compensator includes tunability, adaptability to various fiber types or optical transmission regions with either positive or negative dispersion, smaller size and lower cost. Also, the present invention provides the capability of simultaneously providing different values of dispersion compensation to different channels, i.e., it is capable of correcting for dispersion slope.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种改进色散补偿器的方法和装置。在装置方面，本发明包括用于分离包括多个信道的波分复用光的信道分离器，所述多个信道包含不期望的色散和色散斜率; 以及多个部分信道集色散补偿装置，其以级联布置光耦合到信道分离器，其中每个部分信道集色散补偿装置包括：光学耦合到信道分离器的虚拟成像的相控阵列（VIPA）以及光学耦合到VIPA的光返回装置，其中VIPA和光返回装置的组合通过沿着不同的路径长度传播多个通道的每个波长来补偿不期望的色散和色散斜率。每个VIPA的组延迟响应的周期性和信道间隔的周期性之间的受控差异导致输入到VIPA的每个信道的光获得与输入到相同VIPA的每个其他信道的色散不同的色散值，其中，以补偿色散斜率。使用这种色散补偿器的优点包括可调谐性，对各种光纤类型的适应性或具有正或负色散的光传输区域，更小的尺寸和更低的成本。此外，本发明提供了同时向不同的信道提供不同的色散补偿值的能力，即它能够校正色散斜率。

4. 发明授权

US5689594A Multiple wavelength bidirectional lightwave amplifier 失效
标题翻译：多波长双向光波放大器
公开(公告)号：US5689594A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-18
申请号：US769201
申请日：1996-12-18
申请人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： H04B10/08 , H04B10/17 , H04B10/24 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/28
CPC分类号： H04B10/2971 , H04B10/077 , H04B10/07955 , H04B10/2503 , H04B10/2912 , H04J14/0221
摘要： A system and method for optimizing the performance, in a multichannel optical transmission system, of an optical signal regenerator, by compensating for input signal power fluctuation and for output signal gain change, and by mildly filtering individual wavelengths between gain block stages. A system and method to provide amplification and refinement of a bidirectional optical signal in a single amplification and refinement stage.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过补偿输入信号功率波动和输出信号增益变化以及通过在增益块级之间轻微过滤各个波长来优化光信号再生器在多通道光传输系统中的性能的系统和方法。一种用于在单个放大和细化阶段中提供双向光信号的放大和细化的系统和方法。

5. 发明授权

US06704510B2 PMD characterization across multiple optical channels of an optical link 有权
标题翻译：光链路的多个光信道的PMD表征
公开(公告)号：US06704510B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-09
申请号：US09993644
申请日：2001-11-27
申请人： Andrew Niall Robinson , Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Andrew Niall Robinson , Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04B10/2569
摘要： A fiber optic communications link having PMD characterization across multiple optical channels to identify PMD problems. The communications link has adaptive PMD controls employed along the optical link, whereby PMD phenomena detected by instruments, such as PMD compensators, are interpreted as being either attributable to perturbation of fiber characteristics at large, or by failure of PMD equipment along the link. The present invention avoids taking unnecessary control or maintenance actions upon PMD related controllers and compensators. PMD notifications from various PMD compensators are correlated to identify which portion of the link has undergone a change in polarization characteristics to further identify PMD related errors and problems.
摘要翻译：一种光纤通信链路，其具有跨多个光信道的PMD表征以识别PMD问题。通信链路具有沿着光学链路采用的自适应PMD控制，由PMD补偿器等仪器检测到的PMD现象被解释为可能归因于光纤特性的大幅度扰动，或者是沿着链路的PMD设备的故障。本发明避免了对PMD相关控制器和补偿器的不必要的控制或维护动作。来自各种PMD补偿器的PMD通知被相关联以识别链路的哪个部分已经经历了偏振特性的变化，以进一步识别PMD相关的误差和问题。

6. 发明授权

US06681081B2 Method of avoiding excessive polarization mode dispersion in an optical communications link 有权
标题翻译：避免光通信链路过度偏振模色散的方法
公开(公告)号：US06681081B2
公开(公告)日：2004-01-20
申请号：US10093638
申请日：2002-03-11
申请人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： H04B1000
CPC分类号： H04B10/2569
摘要： A method and apparatus for managing state-of-polarization (SOP) controllers along an optical communications link. When the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in the link exceeds a preset limit as determined by a PMD compensator, the SOP controller is directed to change rotation angle in an arbitrary fashion. This shift is only undertaken after other indicators are examined to determine that PMD is the main problem affecting the link, and not simply a consequence of a separate problem that the SOP controller rotation angle should not try to fix. By reducing unnecessary SOP adjustments which can disrupt data traffic, the reliability of the optical link is improved.
摘要翻译：一种用于沿光通信链路管理偏振态（SOP）控制器的方法和装置。当链路中的偏振模色散（PMD）超过由PMD补偿器确定的预设极限时，SOP控制器被以任意方式改变旋转角度。这种转变仅在其他指标被检查以确定PMD是影响链路的主要问题之后进行，而不仅仅是SOP控制器旋转角度不应该修复的单独问题的结果。通过减少可能中断数据流量的不必要的SOP调整，提高了光链路的可靠性。

7. 发明授权

US06493116B1 PMD characterization across multiple optical channels of an optical link 有权
标题翻译：光链路的多个光通道的PMD表征
公开(公告)号：US06493116B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09248521
申请日：1999-02-09
申请人： Andrew Niall Robinson , Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Andrew Niall Robinson , Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： H04B1008
CPC分类号： H04B10/2569
摘要： A fiber optic communications link having PMD characterization across multiple optical channels to identify PMD problems. The communications link has adaptive PMD controls employed along the optical link, whereby PMD phenomena detected by instruments, such as PMD compensators, are interpreted as being either attributable to perturbation of fiber characteristics at large, or by failure of PMD equipment along the link. The present invention avoids taking unnecessary control or maintenance actions upon PMD related controllers and compensators. PMD notifications from various PMD compensators are correlated to identify which portion of the link has undergone a change in polarization characteristics to further identify PMD related errors and problems.
摘要翻译：一种光纤通信链路，其具有跨多个光信道的PMD表征以识别PMD问题。通信链路具有沿着光学链路采用的自适应PMD控制，由PMD补偿器等仪器检测到的PMD现象被解释为可能归因于光纤特性的大幅度扰动，或者是沿着链路的PMD设备的故障。本发明避免了对PMD相关控制器和补偿器的不必要的控制或维护动作。来自各种PMD补偿器的PMD通知被相关联以识别链路的哪个部分已经经历了偏振特性的变化，以进一步识别PMD相关的误差和问题。

8. 发明授权

US06441952B1 Apparatus and method for channel monitoring in a hybrid distributed Raman/EDFA optical amplifier 有权
标题翻译：在混合分布式拉曼/ EDFA光放大器中进行信道监测的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06441952B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09898244
申请日：2001-07-03
申请人： Xiaodong Duan , Guohua Xiao , Lintao Zhang , Dongqi Liu , Gang Li , Paul Hull , Charles Xiaoping Mao , Simon Xiaofan Cao
发明人： Xiaodong Duan , Guohua Xiao , Lintao Zhang , Dongqi Liu , Gang Li , Paul Hull , Charles Xiaoping Mao , Simon Xiaofan Cao
IPC分类号： H01S300
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1305 , H01S3/302
摘要： The present invention provides a hybrid Raman/EDFA optical amplifier that utilizes a first optical detector that generates a first electrical or electronic signal that is proportional the combined optical power of the signal light and the leaked pump laser light, a second optical detector that generates a second electrical or electronic signal that is proportional to the power of the pump laser light and an electronic subtraction circuit that receives the first and second electrical or electronic signals and generates a difference signal that is proportional to only to the optical power of the signal light and insensitive to the power of the Raman pump laser light. The difference signal is utilized by an EDFA control circuit to control and/or adjust the operation of the EDFA based upon changes in the power of the input optical signal.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种混合拉曼/ EDFA光放大器，其利用第一光学检测器，其产生与信号光和泄漏的泵浦激光的组合光功率成正比的第一电或电信号;第二光检测器，第二电子或电子信号与泵激光的功率成比例，以及电子减法电路，其接收第一和第二电或电信号，并产生与仅与信号光的光功率成比例的差分信号，以及对拉曼泵浦激光的功率不敏感。差分信号由EDFA控制电路用于基于输入光信号的功率变化来控制和/或调节EDFA的操作。

9. 发明授权

US6043914A Dense WDM in the 1310 nm band 失效
标题翻译： 1310 nm波段的密集WDM
公开(公告)号：US6043914A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-28
申请号：US106725
申请日：1998-06-29
申请人： Joseph C. Cook , Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Joseph C. Cook , Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： H04B10/18 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04B10/2513 , H04B10/25133 , H04J14/02 , H04B2210/258 , H04J14/0224
摘要： Dense wavelength division multiplexing within a 1310 nm band is accomplished over a single mode fiber. Carrier wavelengths are selected from within two windows, a low subband and/or a high subband, on either side of a guardband. The guardband includes the zero dispersion wavelength .lambda..sub.0 of a single-mode fiber in the optical communication link and separates low subband and high subband within the 1310 nm band. Dispersion compensation is provided for carrier signals in each dense WDM channel in the low and high subbands.
摘要翻译：在1310nm波段内的密集波分复用通过单模光纤实现。载波波长从保护带两侧的两个窗口内选择，一个低子带和/或一个高子带。保护带包括光通信链路中的单模光纤的零色散波长λ0，并且在1310nm波段内分离低子带和高子带。在低和高子带中的每个密集WDM信道中为载波信号提供色散补偿。

10. 发明授权

US5926590A Power equalizer in a multiple wavelength bidirectional lightwave amplifier 失效
标题翻译：功率均衡器在多波长双向光波放大器中
公开(公告)号：US5926590A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-20
申请号：US947678
申请日：1997-10-24
申请人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
发明人： Xiaoping Charles Mao
IPC分类号： G02F1/01 , G02B6/293 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/10 , H04B10/08 , H04B10/16 , H04B10/17 , H04B10/24 , H04J14/00 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/28
CPC分类号： H04B10/2971 , H04B10/077 , H04B10/07955 , H04B10/2503 , H04B10/2912 , H04J14/0221
摘要： A system and method for optimizing the performance, in a multichannel optical transmission system, of an optical signal regenerator, by compensating for input signal power fluctuation and for output signal gain change, and by mildly filtering individual wavelengths between gain block stages. A system and method to provide amplification and refinement of a bidirectional optical signal in a single amplification and refinement stage.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过补偿输入信号功率波动和输出信号增益变化以及通过在增益块级之间轻微过滤各个波长来优化光信号再生器在多通道光传输系统中的性能的系统和方法。一种用于在单个放大和细化阶段中提供双向光信号的放大和细化的系统和方法。

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