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1. 发明申请

US20070082256A1 Fuel cell nanocatalyst 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池纳米催化剂
公开(公告)号：US20070082256A1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-12
申请号：US11248561
申请日：2005-10-12
申请人： Mark Debe , Susan Hendricks , George Vernstrom , Alison Schmoeckel , Radoslav Atanasoski , Clayton Hamilton
发明人： Mark Debe , Susan Hendricks , George Vernstrom , Alison Schmoeckel , Radoslav Atanasoski , Clayton Hamilton
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M4/88 , B01J23/42
CPC分类号： H01M4/92 , C08J5/2237 , C08J2327/18 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1018 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A fuel cell cathode catalyst is provided comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles; wherein the catalyst comprises platinum and manganese and at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIb metals, Group VIIb metals and Group VIIIb metals other than platinum and manganese; wherein the volume ratio of platinum to the sum of all other metals in the catalyst is between about 1 and about 4, more typically between 1 and 4, more typically between about 2.5 and about 3.5, more typically between 2.5 and 3.5, and most typically about 3, and wherein the Mn content is equal to or greater than about 5 micrograms/cm2 areal density. Typically, the volume ratio of manganese to the at least one other metal is between 10:90 and 90:10. In one embodiment, the volume ratio of platinum to manganese to the at least one other metal is about 6:1:1. Typically, the at least one other metal is Ni or Co. In addition, the present invention provides a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprising the fuel cell cathode catalyst according to the present invention. In addition, the present invention also provides methods of making the cathode catalyst of the present invention.
摘要翻译：提供了包括纳米结构元件的燃料电池阴极催化剂，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构化支撑晶须; 其中所述催化剂包含铂和锰以及选自除了铂和锰之外的第Ⅵb族金属，Ⅶb族金属和Ⅷb族金属的至少一种其它金属; 其中铂与催化剂中所有其它金属的总和的体积比为约1至约4，更典型地为1至4，更典型地为约2.5至约3.5，更典型地为2.5至3.5，最典型地为约3，并且其中Mn含量等于或大于约5微克/厘米2密度。通常，锰与至少一种其它金属的体积比在10:90至90:10之间。在一个实施方案中，铂与锰与至少一种其它金属的体积比为约6:1:1。通常，至少一种其它金属是Ni或Co。另外，本发明还提供一种包含根据本发明的燃料电池阴极催化剂的燃料电池膜电极组件（MEA）。另外，本发明还提供了制造本发明的阴极催化剂的方法。

2. 发明申请

US20080020261A1 Catalyst layers to enhance uniformity of current density in membrane electrode assemblies 有权
标题翻译：催化剂层，以增强膜电极组件中电流密度的均匀性
公开(公告)号：US20080020261A1
公开(公告)日：2008-01-24
申请号：US11224890
申请日：2005-09-13
申请人： Susan Hendricks , Thomas Herdtle , Mark Debe , Donald McClure
发明人： Susan Hendricks , Thomas Herdtle , Mark Debe , Donald McClure
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M8/10 , B05D5/12 , H01M4/88
CPC分类号： H01M4/8803 , H01M4/8636 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/881 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/1004 , H01M2008/1095 , Y10T428/24355 , Y10T428/24372
摘要： Components that include catalyst layers used in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and methods of making such components are described. The catalyst layers yield more uniform current distributions across the active area of the MEA during operation. The catalyst layers may have a uniform catalyst activity profile of a less active catalyst to achieve more uniform current density over the MEA active area. The catalyst layers may have a variable activity profile, such as an activity profile with a varying slope, to compensate for the inherent nonlinearities of catalyst utilization during operation of an electrochemical fuel cell. Desired variable catalyst activity profiles may be achieved, for example, by varying the catalyst loading across the MEA from inlet to outlet ports or by varying the surface area of the catalyst loading or by varying the surface area of the catalyst support elements.
摘要翻译：描述了包括用于膜电极组件（MEA）中的催化剂层的组件以及制造这些组件的方法。催化剂层在操作期间在MEA的有效区域上产生更均匀的电流分布。催化剂层可以具有较低活性催化剂的均匀催化剂活性曲线，以在MEA活性区域上实现更均匀的电流密度。催化剂层可以具有可变的活性分布，例如具有变化的斜率的活性分布，以补偿在电化学燃料电池操作期间催化剂利用的固有非线性。期望的可变催化剂活性分布可以例如通过改变从入口到出口端口的MEA上的催化剂负载或通过改变催化剂负载的表面积或改变催化剂载体元素的表面积来实现。

3. 发明申请

US20070059452A1 Formation of nanostructured layers through continued screw dislocation growth 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过持续的螺旋位错生长形成纳米结构层
公开(公告)号：US20070059452A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-15
申请号：US11225690
申请日：2005-09-13
申请人： Mark Debe , Raymond Ziegler , Susan Hendricks
发明人： Mark Debe , Raymond Ziegler , Susan Hendricks
IPC分类号： B05D5/12 , B05D3/02 , B05D7/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8814 , H01M4/881 , H01M4/8882 , H01M4/8896 , H01M4/925 , H01M8/1004
摘要： Processes for extending the length of nanostructured support elements of thin film layers are described. The processes involve the initial formation nanostructured support elements during a first annealing step. A coating of material is deposited on the nanostructured support elements. During a second annealing step the initially formed nanostructured support elements longitudinally extend. Longer nanostructured support elements provide increased surface area for supporting catalyst material, thus allowing higher catalyst loading across the layer. Layers having extended nanostructured support elements are particularly useful for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells where catalyst activity is related to the surface area available to support the catalyst.
摘要翻译：描述了用于延长薄膜层的纳米结构化支撑元件长度的方法。所述方法包括在第一退火步骤期间初始形成纳米结构的支撑元件。材料涂层沉积在纳米结构的支撑元件上。在第二退火步骤期间，初始形成的纳米结构化支撑元件纵向延伸。更长的纳米结构化支撑元件提供了用于支撑催化剂材料的增加的表面积，从而允许跨越该层的更高的催化剂负载。具有延伸的纳米结构化支撑元件的层对于诸如燃料电池的电化学装置特别有用，其中催化剂活性与可用于支持催化剂的表面积有关。

4. 发明申请

US20070082814A1 Ternary nanocatalyst and method of making 审中-公开
标题翻译：三元纳米催化剂及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US20070082814A1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-12
申请号：US11248441
申请日：2005-10-12
申请人： Mark Debe , Susan Hendricks , George Vernstrom , Amy Hester
发明人： Mark Debe , Susan Hendricks , George Vernstrom , Amy Hester
IPC分类号： B01J23/32
CPC分类号： B01J37/347 , B01J23/8986 , H01M4/881 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A method is provided for making a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the method comprises the step of depositing a catalyst material comprising at least three metallic elements on microstructured support whiskers from a single target comprising at least three metallic elements. Typically, at least one of said metallic elements is Pt. In addition, one or more of said metallic elements may be Mn, Ni or Co. Other metallic elements or other transition metal elements may be included. In addition, the present invention provides a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the method of the present invention. Further, the present invention provides fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the supported catalyst according to the present invention.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于制备包含纳米结构元素的负载型催化剂的方法，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构化支撑晶须，其中该方法包括将至少三种金属元素的催化剂材料沉积在至少包含至少一个单一靶的微结构化支撑晶须上的步骤三个金属元素。通常，所述金属元素中的至少一个是Pt。此外，一种或多种所述金属元素可以是Mn，Ni或Co。可以包括其它金属元素或其它过渡金属元素。此外，本发明提供一种包含纳米结构元素的载体催化剂，其包含根据本发明方法制备的纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构支撑晶须。此外，本发明提供了包含根据本发明的负载型催化剂的燃料电池膜电极组件。

5. 发明申请

US20080020923A1 Multilayered nanostructured films 审中-公开
标题翻译：多层纳米结构膜
公开(公告)号：US20080020923A1
公开(公告)日：2008-01-24
申请号：US11224879
申请日：2005-09-13
申请人： Mark Debe , Raymond Ziegler , Susan Hendricks
发明人： Mark Debe , Raymond Ziegler , Susan Hendricks
IPC分类号： B01J21/00 , H01M4/88 , B05D3/02 , B05D1/36
CPC分类号： H01M4/9083 , B01J23/42 , B01J31/06 , B01J37/0238 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8814 , H01M4/8825 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/1004 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Processes for forming films comprising multiple layers of nanostructured support elements are described. A first layer of nanostructured support elements is formed by depositing a base material on a substrate and annealing. Further growth of the first layer of nanostructures is then inhibited. Additional layers of nanostructured support elements may be grown on the first layer of nanostructures through additional deposition and annealing steps. The multilayer films provide increased surface area and are particularly useful in devices where catalyst activity is related to the surface area available to support catalyst particles.
摘要翻译：描述了用于形成包含多层纳米结构化支撑元件的膜的工艺。第一层纳米结构的支撑元件通过在基底上沉积基材并进行退火而形成。然后抑制第一层纳米结构的进一步生长。另外的纳米结构支撑元件层可以通过另外的沉积和退火步骤在第一层纳米结构上生长。多层膜提供了增加的表面积，并且在催化剂活性与可用于支持催化剂颗粒的表面积相关的装置中特别有用。

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