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1. 发明授权

US07250134B2 Infiltrating a powder metal skeleton by a similar alloy with depressed melting point exploiting a persistent liquid phase at equilibrium, suitable for fabricating steel parts 有权
标题翻译：通过相似的合金渗透粉末金属骨架，熔点低于平衡时持续的液相，适用于制造钢件
公开(公告)号：US07250134B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-31
申请号：US10723989
申请日：2003-11-26
申请人： Brian D. Kernan , Emanuel M. Sachs , Samuel M. Allen , Adam M. Lorenz
发明人： Brian D. Kernan , Emanuel M. Sachs , Samuel M. Allen , Adam M. Lorenz
IPC分类号： B22F3/26
CPC分类号： C22C38/18 , B33Y80/00 , C22C33/0242
摘要： A steel powder metal skeleton is infiltrated with an infiltrant composition similar to the skeleton, with an additional agent that depresses the melting point of the infiltrant relative to the skeleton. Infiltration is driven primarily by capillary pressure. The powder and infiltrant compositions differ primarily only in a higher concentration of a melting point depressant agent “MPD” in the infiltrant. Carbon (C) and silicon (Si) and several other elements can be elements in an MPD, either alone or in combination. Certain steel target compositions are such that a complementary infiltrant, and skeleton can be chosen such that a skeleton will remain solid at an infiltration temperature at which the infiltrant can be melted and fully infiltrated, and further where there is a persistent two phase field, with a liquid phase that is large enough (greater than 7% vol, and typically between 20 and 40 vol %) so that flow can be maintained without choke off from diffusional solidification. The solid and the liquid phases remaining after any diffusional solidification have different compositions, with a bulk composition of the target. Typically the difference is slight, and the full part is substantially homogeneous. Heat treating, such as austenitizing, quenching, or slow cooling and tempering, can improve homogeneity and mechanical properties. The MPD can have a relatively high diffusivity and solubility in the skeleton. Methods of designing systems of target, skeleton and infiltrant compositions and infiltration temperature are disclosed.
摘要翻译：钢粉末金属骨架用类似于骨架的渗透剂组合物渗透，另外一种可以降低渗透剂相对于骨架的熔点的试剂。渗透主要由毛细管压力驱动。粉末和渗透剂组合物主要仅在浸润剂中较高浓度的熔点降低剂“MPD”。碳（C）和硅（Si）等几种元素可以单独或组合使用在MPD中的元素。某些钢靶组合物使得可以选择互补的浸润剂和骨架，使得骨架将在浸润剂可以熔化和完全渗透的浸润温度下保持固体，并且进一步存在持续的两相场，其中足够大的液相（大于7体积％，通常在20和40体积％之间），从而可以保持流动而不会阻碍扩散凝固。在任何扩散固化后残留的固体和液相具有不同的组成，具有靶的体积组成。通常，差异很小，整个部分基本上是均匀的。诸如奥氏体化，淬火或缓慢冷却和回火的热处理可以改善均匀性和机械性能。 MPD可以在骨架中具有相对较高的扩散性和溶解性。公开了设计目标，骨架和浸润剂组合物系统的方法和浸润温度。

2. 发明授权

US4166688A Automatic photographic film processor and fluid-tight seals therefor 失效
标题翻译：自动摄影胶片处理器和流体密封
公开(公告)号：US4166688A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-04
申请号：US792055
申请日：1977-04-28
申请人： Emanuel M. Sachs
发明人： Emanuel M. Sachs
IPC分类号： G03D3/13 , G03D3/08
CPC分类号： G03D3/132
摘要： An automatic photographic film processor or like device for treating sheets of materials of the type provided with a plurality of approximately equal-length, annularly arranged parallel rollers positioned in longitudinally contacting relation to form the periphery of a chamber adapted to contain a processing solution, fluid-tight seals being provided between the ends of such rollers and flat side plates. The rollers are each comprised of a rigid shaft having a resilient covering of a thickness at least comparable to that of the roller shaft. The end of the roller and the side plate are contoured so that a portion of the roller adjacent to the outer diameter thereof provides a seal when brought into flush contact with the side plate. This contouring also permits the rollers to be longitudinally compressed to assist in providing the seal, while providing strain relief to the roller end in the vicinity of the shaft.
摘要翻译：一种用于处理类型的自动摄影胶片处理器或类似装置，其设置有多个大致相等长度的环形布置的平行辊，其定位在纵向接触关系中，以形成适于容纳处理溶液的流体室的周边在这些辊子的端部和平的侧板之间设置密封件。滚子各自包括刚性轴，该刚性轴具有至少与辊轴的厚度相当的厚度的弹性覆盖物。辊和侧板的端部成形，使得与其外径相邻的辊的一部分当与侧板齐平地接触时提供密封。这种轮廓也允许辊被纵向压缩以帮助提供密封，同时为轴附近的辊端提供应变消除。

3. 发明申请

US20140113156A1 MAKING SEMICONDUCTOR BODIES FROM MOLTEN MATERIAL USING A FREE-STANDING INTERPOSER SHEET 有权
标题翻译：使用自由插入片材制作材料的半导体器件
公开(公告)号：US20140113156A1
公开(公告)日：2014-04-24
申请号：US13990498
申请日：2011-12-01
申请人： Ralf Jonczyk , Emanuel M. Sachs
发明人： Ralf Jonczyk , Emanuel M. Sachs
IPC分类号： H01L21/02
CPC分类号： H01L31/182 , C04B41/4539 , C04B41/5096 , C30B11/002 , C30B15/00 , C30B15/007 , C30B15/32 , C30B29/06 , H01L21/02002 , H01L21/02532 , H01L31/1804 , Y02E10/546 , Y02P70/521
摘要： An interposer sheet can be used for making semiconductor bodies, such as of silicon, such as for solar cell use. It is free-standing, very thin, flexible, porous and able to withstand the chemical and thermal environment of molten semiconductor without degradation. It is typically of a ceramic material, such as silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, silicon carbide, silicon carbonitride, silicon oxycarbonitride and others. It is provided between a forming surface of a mold sheet, and the molten material from which a semiconductor body will be formed. It may be secured to the forming surface or deposited upon the melt. The interposer sheet suppresses grain nucleation, and limits heat flow from the melt. It promotes separation of the semiconductor body from the forming surface. It can be fabricated before its use. Because free-standing and not adhered to the forming surface, problems of mismatch of CTE are minimized. The interposer sheet and semiconductor body are free to expand and contract relatively independently of the forming surface.
摘要翻译：插入片可用于制造诸如硅的半导体本体，例如用于太阳能电池。它是独立的，非常薄的，柔性的，多孔的并且能够耐受熔融半导体的化学和热环境而不降解。它通常是陶瓷材料，例如二氧化硅，氮化硅，氮氧化硅，碳氧化硅，碳化硅，碳氮化硅，碳氮氧化硅等。设置在模板的成形表面和将形成半导体本体的熔融材料之间。它可以固定到成形表面或沉积在熔体上。插入片抑制晶粒成核，并限制来自熔体的热流。它促进半导体主体与成形表面的分离。它可以在使用之前进行制造。由于独立且不粘附到成型表面，CTE的失配问题被最小化。插入片和半导体本体相对于成形表面相对自由地膨胀和收缩。

4. 发明授权

US08633052B2 Wedge imprint patterning of irregular surface 有权
标题翻译：楔形印记图案不规则表面
公开(公告)号：US08633052B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-21
申请号：US12937810
申请日：2009-04-17
申请人： Benjamin F. Polito , Holly G. Gates , Emanuel M. Sachs
发明人： Benjamin F. Polito , Holly G. Gates , Emanuel M. Sachs
IPC分类号： H01L21/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/182 , B29C43/021 , B29C43/222 , B29C59/02 , B29C2043/025 , B29C2043/3634 , B29C2043/3652 , B29C2043/465 , B29C2059/023 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y40/00 , G03F7/0002 , H01L31/0236 , H01L31/02363 , Y02E10/50
摘要： Patterned substrates for photovoltaic and other uses are made by pressing a flexible stamp upon a thin layer of resist material, which covers a substrate, such as a wafer. The resist changes phase or becomes flowable, flowing away from locations of impression, revealing the substrate, which is subjected to some shaping process, typically etching. Portions exposed by the stamp being are removed, and portions that protected by the resist, remain. A typical substrate is silicon, and a typical resist is a wax. Workpiece textures include extended grooves, discrete, spaced apart pits, and combinations and intermediates thereof. Platen or rotary patterning apparatus may be used. Rough and irregular workpiece substrates may be accommodated by extended stamp elements. Resist may be applied first to the workpiece, the stamp, or substantially simultaneously, in discrete locations, or over the entire surface of either. The resist dewets the substrate completely where desired.
摘要翻译：用于光伏和其他用途的图案化基板是通过将柔性印模压在覆盖诸如晶片的基底的抗蚀剂材料薄层上而制成的。抗蚀剂改变相位或变得可流动，从印模的位置流出，露出经受一些成形过程的基底，通常是蚀刻。被邮票曝光的部分被去除，并且被抗蚀剂保护的部分保留。典型的基底是硅，典型的抗蚀剂是蜡。工件纹理包括延伸凹槽，离散的，间隔开的凹坑，以及它们的组合和中间体。可以使用压板或旋转图案形成装置。粗糙和不规则的工件衬底可以由延长的印模元件容纳。抗蚀剂可以首先施加到工件，印模或基本上同时地在离散的位置，或者在两者的整个表面上。抗蚀剂在需要时完全将基材脱模。

5. 发明申请

US20110076762A1 ARTICLES FORMED BY MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, SUCH AS THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING, INCLUDING SOLVENT VAPOR FILMING AND THE LIKE 审中-公开
标题翻译：制造工艺形成的文章，如三维印刷，包括溶剂蒸气膜和类似物
公开(公告)号：US20110076762A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-31
申请号：US12899033
申请日：2010-10-06
申请人： James G. Serdy , Emanuel M. Sachs
发明人： James G. Serdy , Emanuel M. Sachs
IPC分类号： C12N5/071 , B32B3/26 , B32B3/10
CPC分类号： A61L27/56 , A61F2/28 , A61F2002/30062 , A61F2002/30224 , A61F2002/30225 , A61F2002/30785 , A61F2002/30985 , A61F2210/0004 , A61F2230/0069 , A61F2310/00293 , A61F2310/00353 , A61L27/54 , A61L2300/412 , A61L2300/434 , A61L2300/602 , B33Y10/00 , B33Y70/00 , B33Y80/00 , Y10T428/15 , Y10T428/24273 , Y10T428/31504
摘要： Methods of manufacturing an article use three-dimensional printing for a portion of the manufacturing. Three-dimensionally printing is conducted onto a powder bed which contains both organic-solvent-soluble, water-insoluble particles and water soluble, organic-solvent-insoluble particles. The water-soluble particles which may be selected for properties such as size and may include more than one substance. The organic-solvent-insoluble particles may further include at least one substantially insoluble substance such as a member of the calcium phosphate family. Printing may be done using an aqueous binder liquid. After removal of unbound powder, the preform may be exposed to the vapor of an organic solvent which causes the particles of organic-soluble-polymer to fuse to each other. This may further be followed by dissolving out the water-soluble particles, if such particles were present in the powder. Solvent vapor fusing together with the use of porogen particles may also be used in manufacturing methods other than 3DP. Rather than using organic solvent, heat responsive particles can be used, and can be filmed by elevated temperatures. Articles that may be produced by the described methods exhibit features such as a high porosity and an ability to undergo large deformations without breaking, and by at least partial springback from such deformation. The springback may be substantially instantaneous or may be time-dependent involving a time period of at least several seconds.
摘要翻译：制造制品的方法在制造的一部分中使用三维印刷。将三维打印进行到含有有机溶剂可溶性，水不溶性颗粒和水溶性有机溶剂不溶性颗粒的粉末床上。可以选择尺寸等性质的水溶性颗粒，并且可以包括多于一种物质。有机溶剂不溶性颗粒可以进一步包括至少一种基本上不溶的物质，例如磷酸钙族的成员。可以使用水性粘合剂液体进行印刷。在去除未结合的粉末之后，预制件可能暴露于有机溶剂的蒸气中，这导致有机可溶聚合物颗粒彼此熔合。如果这种颗粒存在于粉末中，则可以进一步溶解水溶性颗粒。与使用致孔剂颗粒一起使用的溶剂蒸汽熔融也可用于3DP以外的制造方法。不使用有机溶剂，可以使用热响应颗粒，并且可以通过升高的温度进行成膜。可以通过所述方法产生的制品表现出诸如高孔隙率和经受大变形而不断裂的能力以及至少部分回弹的特征。回弹可以基本上是瞬时的，或者可以是时间依赖性的，涉及至少几秒的时间段。

6. 发明申请

US20100295061A1 RECRYSTALLIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR WATERS IN A THIN FILM CAPSULE AND RELATED PROCESSES 有权
标题翻译：薄膜胶片和相关工艺中半导体水的再结晶
公开(公告)号：US20100295061A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-25
申请号：US12665495
申请日：2008-06-26
申请人： Emanuel M. Sachs , James G. Serdy , Eerik T. Hantsoo
发明人： Emanuel M. Sachs , James G. Serdy , Eerik T. Hantsoo
IPC分类号： H01L29/12 , H01L21/02 , H01L29/24
CPC分类号： C30B13/00 , C30B1/02 , C30B28/02 , C30B29/06 , H01L21/02532 , H01L21/02667 , H01L23/3171 , H01L29/04 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： An original wafer, typically silicon, has the form of a desired end PV wafer. The original may be made by rapid solidification or CVD. It has small grains. It is encapsulated in a clean thin film, which contains and protects the silicon when recrystallized to create a larger grain structure. The capsule can be made by heating a wafer in the presence of oxygen, or steam, resulting in silicon dioxide on the outer surface, typically 1-2 microns. Further heating creates a molten zone in space, through which the wafer travels, resulting in recrystallization with a larger grain size. The capsule contains the molten material during recrystallization, and protects against impurities. Recrystallization may be in air. Thermal transfer through backing plates minimizes stresses and defects. After recrystallization, the capsule is removed.
摘要翻译：原始晶片（通常为硅）具有期望的端部PV晶片的形式。原件可以通过快速凝固或CVD制成。它有小颗粒。它被封装在干净的薄膜中，其在再结晶时含有并保护硅以产生更大的晶粒结构。胶囊可以通过在氧气或蒸汽的存在下加热晶片来制造，从而在外表面上产生二氧化硅，通常为1-2微米。进一步的加热在空间中产生熔融区，晶片经过该熔融区，导致晶粒尺寸更大的再结晶。胶囊在再结晶期间含有熔融材料，防止杂质。重结晶可能在空气中。通过背板进行热转印可最大限度地减少应力和缺陷。重结晶后，除去胶囊。

7. 发明申请

US20080134964A1 System and Method of Forming a Crystal 审中-公开
标题翻译：一种晶体的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080134964A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-12
申请号：US11741372
申请日：2007-04-27
申请人： David Harvey , Weidong Huang , Richard L. Wallace , Leo van Glabbeek , Emanuel M. Sachs
发明人： David Harvey , Weidong Huang , Richard L. Wallace , Leo van Glabbeek , Emanuel M. Sachs
IPC分类号： C30B15/34
CPC分类号： C30B15/005 , C30B15/002 , C30B15/007 , C30B15/10 , C30B15/24 , C30B29/06 , Y10T117/1044
摘要： A system for producing a crystal formed from a material with impurities has a crucible for containing the material. The crucible has, among other things, a crystal region for forming the crystal, an introduction region for receiving the material, and a removal region for removing a portion of the material. The crucible is configured to produce a generally one directional flow of the material (in liquid form) from the introduction region toward the removal region. This generally one directional flow causes the removal region to have a higher concentration of impurities than the introduction region.
摘要翻译：用于制造由具有杂质的材料形成的晶体的系统具有容纳该材料的坩埚。坩埚尤其具有用于形成晶体的晶体区域，用于接收材料的引入区域和用于去除材料的一部分的去除区域。坩埚被配置为产生从引入区域朝向移除区域的材料（液体形式）的大致一个方向的流动。这通常一个定向流使得去除区域具有比引入区域更高的杂质浓度。

8. 发明授权

US06508980B1 Metal and ceramic containing parts produced from powder using binders derived from salt 有权
标题翻译：含有金属和陶瓷的部件由粉末制成，使用的盐衍生的粘合剂
公开(公告)号：US06508980B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-21
申请号：US09509284
申请日：2000-07-07
申请人： Emanuel M. Sachs , Constantinos Hadjiloucas , Samuel Allen , Helen J. Yoo
发明人： Emanuel M. Sachs , Constantinos Hadjiloucas , Samuel Allen , Helen J. Yoo
IPC分类号： B22F326
CPC分类号： B22F1/007 , B22F1/0059 , B22F3/008 , B22F2003/1042 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2999/00 , B33Y10/00 , Y02P10/295 , B22F3/1035 , B22F3/1055 , B22F3/001
摘要： Parts made from powder use a material that originates from a salt to bind powder particles together. The salt may be provided dissolved in a solution, as molten salt, or as a dry powder. The figure is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a silver nitrate bound product with a skeleton of steel powder.
摘要翻译：由粉末制成的部件使用源自盐的材料，将粉末颗粒粘合在一起。盐可以溶解在溶液中，作为熔融盐或作为干粉。该图是具有钢粉骨架的硝酸银结合产物的横截面的电子显微镜照片。

9. 发明授权

US5450205A Apparatus and method for real-time measurement of thin film layer thickness and changes thereof 失效
标题翻译：用于实时测量薄膜层厚度及其变化的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5450205A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US70118
申请日：1993-05-28
申请人： Herbert H. Sawin , William T. Conner , Timothy J. Dalton , Emanuel M. Sachs
发明人： Herbert H. Sawin , William T. Conner , Timothy J. Dalton , Emanuel M. Sachs
IPC分类号： G01B11/06 , H01J37/32 , H01L21/205 , H01L21/302 , H01L21/3065 , H01L21/66 , H01L21/00
CPC分类号： H01J37/32935 , G01B11/0675
摘要： A new technique has been developed to measure etching or deposition rate uniformity in situ using a CCD camera which views the wafer during plasma processing. The technique records the temporal modulation of plasma emission or laser illumination reflected from the wafer; this modulation is caused by interferometry as thin films are etched or deposited. The measured etching rates compare very well with those determined by Helium-Neon laser interference. This technique is capable of measuring etching rates across 100-mm or larger wafers. It can resolve etch rate variations across a wafer or within a die. The invention can also be used to make endpoint determinations in etching operations as well as measuring the absolute thickness of thin films.
摘要翻译：已经开发了一种新技术来测量在等离子体处理期间观察晶片的CCD相机的原位蚀刻或沉积速率均匀性。该技术记录从晶片反射的等离子体发射或激光照射的时间调制; 这种调制是由于薄膜被蚀刻或沉积而由干涉测量引起的。测量的蚀刻速率与由氦 - 氖激光干涉确定的蚀刻速率相当。该技术能够测量100 mm或更大晶片的蚀刻速率。它可以解决跨晶片或芯片内的蚀刻速率变化。本发明还可以用于在蚀刻操作中进行端点测定以及测量薄膜的绝对厚度。

10. 发明授权

US5204055A Three-dimensional printing techniques 失效
标题翻译：三维打印技术
公开(公告)号：US5204055A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-20
申请号：US447677
申请日：1989-12-08
申请人： Emanuel M. Sachs , John S. Haggerty , Michael J. Cima , Paul A. Williams
发明人： Emanuel M. Sachs , John S. Haggerty , Michael J. Cima , Paul A. Williams
IPC分类号： B22F7/04 , B05C19/04 , B22F3/00 , B28B1/32 , B28B7/00 , B29C41/00 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/36 , B29C67/00 , B29C67/02 , B29C67/04 , B29C67/24 , B30B15/30 , B32B27/00 , B41J2/01 , B41J2/085 , B41J2/09 , B65G65/48 , G06T11/00 , H05K3/10
CPC分类号： B29C67/0081 , B05C19/04 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/008 , B28B1/001 , B29C41/006 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/36 , B29C67/0059 , B29C67/02 , B29C67/04 , B29C67/243 , B30B15/302 , B41J2/01 , B41J2/085 , B41J2/09 , H05K3/102 , B22F2998/00 , G05B2219/49013 , H05K2203/013 , H05K2203/0522 , Y10T428/12014 , Y10T428/12021
摘要： A process for making a component by depositing a first layer of a fluent porous material, such as a powder, in a confined region and then depositing a binder material to selected regions of the layer of powder material to produce a layer of bonded powder material at the selected regions. Such steps are repeated a selected number of times to produce successive layers of selected regions of bonded powder material so as to form the desired component. The unbonded powder material is then removed. In some cases the component may be further processed as, for example, by heating it to further strengthen the bonding thereof.
摘要翻译：（A）在密闭区域中沉积第一层粉末材料，然后（B）将粘合剂材料沉积到粉末材料层的选定区域以在该区域形成粘结粉末材料层的方法选定地区。这样的步骤重复选定次数以产生粘结粉末材料（C）的选定区域的连续层，以便形成所需组分（D）。然后除去未结合的粉末材料（E）。在一些情况下，可以例如通过加热组分进一步加强其粘合来进一步加工组分。

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