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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Acoustic scintillation liquid flow measurement
    • 声闪烁液体流量测量
    • US4760743A
    • 1988-08-02
    • US040683
    • 1987-04-14
    • Steven F. CliffordDavid M. Farmer
    • Steven F. CliffordDavid M. Farmer
    • G01F1/00G01F1/66G01F1/708G01F1/712G01F1/70G01P5/18
    • G01F1/002G01F1/66G01F1/7082G01F1/712
    • A system and method are disclosed for acoustic scintillation liquid flow measurement. Measurement is carried out by acoustic beams transmitted perpendicular to the direction the component of liquid flow to be measured, with both phase and amplitude measurements being made to enable generation of accurate speed of flow indications which are indicative of liquid flow through a broad area being monitored as opposed to a single point therein. In one realization of this invention, a pair of projectors are mounted on one side of the flow area, such as a channel to be monitored, and a pair of receivers are mounted on the other side of the flow area with pulsed acoustic signals from each of the projectors being transmitted in separate parallel paths through the liquid, such as water, to the receivers. At the receivers, electrical signals indicative of received acoustic signals in each path are complex demodulated after which the demodulated outputs are shaped, converted and then coupled to a microcomputer for evaluation and, responsive thereto, providing the indication of liquid flow speed.
    • 公开了用于声闪烁液体流量测量的系统和方法。 测量是通过垂直于待测量的液体流量分量的方向透射的声束进行的,其中进行相位和振幅测量以使得能够产生准确的流动指示速度,其指示通过被监视的广泛区域的液体流动 而不是单点。 在本发明的一个实现中,一对投影仪安装在流动区域的一侧,例如待监视的通道,并且一对接收器安装在流动区域的另一侧,并且每个接收器具有来自每个 的投影仪通过液体(如水)以单独的平行路径传输到接收器。 在接收机处,指示每个路径中的接收到的声信号的电信号是被解调的,之后解调的输出被成形,转换,然后耦合到微型计算机进行评估,并且响应于此提供液体流速的指示。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Method for underwater acoustic direction sensing
    • 水下声学传感方法
    • US4800541A
    • 1989-01-24
    • US13933
    • 1987-02-12
    • David M. FarmerJane A. Verrall
    • David M. FarmerJane A. Verrall
    • G01S3/801G01S3/808G01S3/80
    • G01S3/801G01S3/808
    • A method of determining the bearing "S" of a signal transmitter relative to a remote signal receiver. A signal pulse having a high signal to noise ratio is transmitted and sampled at closely spaced receivers displaced from the transmitter by a distance "D". Sampled phase components are derived at each receiver by deriving in-phase and quadrature components of the sampled pulse and by deriving the arctangent of each such component. The arrival time of the sampled pulses is measured by applying a least squares Gaussian fit to the modulus or to the amplitude envelope of the pulse samples. The difference ".delta.t" between the time of arrival of the pulse at each receiver is determined and then the approximate phase difference 2.pi..omega..delta.t between the sampled pulses is determined where ".omega." is the carrier frequency of the transmitted pulse. The phase difference is then applied to resolve the phase ambiguity of the phase components and the bearing "S" is then calculated.The method also facilitates correction of errors in the apparent transmitter bearing which are introduced by relative medium movement, in which the signal pulse is transmitted through a medium which moves with a component of velocity "u" perpendicular to the acoustic path between the transmitter and receivers, thereby causing the bearing to appear to deviate from the actual bearing of the transmitter relative to the receivers; and, by small scale fluctuations in sound speed between the transmitter and each of the receivers.
    • 确定信号发射机相对于远程信号接收机的轴承“S”的方法。 具有高信噪比的信号脉冲在距离发射机偏移距离“D”的紧密间隔的接收机处被传送和采样。 通过导出采样脉冲的同相和正交分量并通过导出每个这样的分量的反正切,在每个接收机处导出采样相位分量。 通过对脉冲样本的模量或幅度包络应用最小二乘法高斯拟合来测量采样脉冲的到达时间。 确定在每个接收机处的脉冲到达时间之间的差“delta t”,然后确定采样脉冲之间的近似相位差2πω-Δt,其中“ω”是发射脉冲的载波频率。 然后应用相位差来解析相位分量的相位模糊度,然后计算轴承“S”。 该方法还有助于校正通过相对介质运动引入的视在发射机轴承中的误差,其中信号脉冲通过介质传播,该介质随垂直于发射机和接收机之间的声学​​路径的速度“u”分量移动 从而导致轴承看起来相对于接收器偏离发射机的实际轴承; 并且通过发射机和每个接收机之间的声速的小规模波动。