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1. 发明授权

US5030666A Multilobals 失效
标题翻译：多叶
公开(公告)号：US5030666A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-09
申请号：US242668
申请日：1988-09-12
申请人： Alexander Kowalski , Joseph J. Wilczynski , Robert M. Blankenship , Chuen-Shyong Chou
发明人： Alexander Kowalski , Joseph J. Wilczynski , Robert M. Blankenship , Chuen-Shyong Chou
IPC分类号： C08F2/24 , C08F8/44 , C08F285/00 , C08J3/12
CPC分类号： C08J3/12 , C08F285/00 , C08F8/44 , C08J3/126 , Y10S525/902
摘要： Binder, coating, and adhesive compositions having surprising film build, flow, leveling, and adhesive wet tack are provided by an aqueous dispersion comprising polymer particles having a central core surrounded by lobes. Also disclosed are the uses and process of preparation of these unique particles.
摘要翻译：具有令人惊奇的成膜，流动，流平和粘性湿粘性的粘合剂，涂料和粘合剂组合物由包含聚合物颗粒的水分散体提供，聚合物颗粒具有由叶包围的中心核。还公开了这些独特颗粒的制备的用途和方法。

2. 发明授权

US4880842A Multi-stage opacifying polymer particles containing non-polymeric acid absorbed therein 失效
标题翻译：含有非聚合酸的多级不透明聚合物颗粒被吸收
公开(公告)号：US4880842A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US197063
申请日：1988-05-20
申请人： Alexander Kowalski , Martin Vogel
发明人： Alexander Kowalski , Martin Vogel
IPC分类号： C08F2/22 , C08F6/14 , C08F8/44 , C08F285/00 , C08J9/28 , C09D7/12 , C09D133/00 , C09D133/04 , C09D157/10 , C09D201/08
CPC分类号： C09D7/1291 , C08F285/00 , C08J9/28 , C08K7/22 , Y10S525/902
摘要： Multi-stage polymer particles containing one or more void space(s) therein are produced by sequential emulsion polymerization of an essentially low-acid earlier polymer stage, encapsulation of said low-acid polymer stage with at least a final polymer stage, contacting said polymer particles with a non-polymeric carboxylic acid to permit the acid to be absorbed into said low-acid polymer stage and swelling the polymer particles by contacting the particles with an aqueous base. The low-acid polymer stage is formed by emulsion polymerizing a monomer system comprising ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) and containing less than 5% by weight of monomer(s) containing acid functionality. The low-acid polymer stage is subsequently encapsulated by one or more polymer stages by emulsion polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in the presence of the low-acid polymer stage. The final stage has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about 50.degree. C. or greater, and the total polymer stages having a Tg of about 50.degree. C. or greater comprise about 60% or more by weight of the polymer particles. A non-polymeric carboxylic acid is absorbed into the polymer particles and the resultant particles are contacted with base at a pH sufficient to swell the particles with water at a temperature near or above the Tg of the neat polymer or plasticized polymer of the final polymer stage. When dried the particles contain void space(s) therein which produce(s) opacity in compositions in which the particles are contained.

3. 发明授权

US4791151A Multilobals 失效
标题翻译：多叶
公开(公告)号：US4791151A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US885069
申请日：1986-07-14
申请人： Alexander Kowalski , Joseph Wilczynski , Robert M. Blankenship , Cheun-Shyong Chou
发明人： Alexander Kowalski , Joseph Wilczynski , Robert M. Blankenship , Cheun-Shyong Chou
IPC分类号： C08F291/00 , C08F2/18 , C08F2/24 , C08F8/44 , C08F285/00 , C08J3/12 , C09D151/00 , C09J151/00 , C08L83/00
CPC分类号： C08F220/18 , C08F285/00 , C08F8/44 , C08J3/12 , C08J3/126 , Y10S525/902 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/775 , Y10S977/788
摘要： Binder, coating, and adhesive compositions having surprising film build, flow, leveling, and adhesive wet tack are provided by an aqueous dispersion comprising polymer particles having a central core surrounded by lobes. Also disclsoed are the uses and process of preparation of these unique particles.
摘要翻译：具有令人惊奇的成膜，流动，流平和粘性湿粘性的粘合剂，涂料和粘合剂组合物由包含聚合物颗粒的水分散体提供，聚合物颗粒具有由叶包围的中心核。还揭示了这些独特颗粒的使用和制备过程。

4. 发明授权

US06596804B1 Emulsion polymers 失效
标题翻译：乳液聚合物
公开(公告)号：US06596804B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-22
申请号：US09707034
申请日：2000-11-06
申请人： Steven Scott Edwards , Ralph Craig Even , Loretta Ann Wieckowski , Alexander Kowalski
发明人： Steven Scott Edwards , Ralph Craig Even , Loretta Ann Wieckowski , Alexander Kowalski
IPC分类号： C08F222
CPC分类号： C09D151/003 , C08F2/22 , C08F265/06 , Y10S526/911 , Y10S526/915
摘要： An emulsion polymer and a method for preparing the emulsion polymer by the free radical polymerization of at least one first ethylenically unsaturated monomer to form a first emulsion polymer and the subsequent treatment of the first emulsion polymer with a colloidal stabilizer, at least one second ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a redox system at 20-85° C. is provided.
摘要翻译：乳液聚合物和通过至少一种第一烯属不饱和单体的自由基聚合以形成第一乳液聚合物并随后用胶态稳定剂处理第一乳液聚合物制备该乳液聚合物的方法，至少一种第二烯属不饱和单体单体和在20-85℃下的氧化还原体系。

5. 发明授权

US4594363A Production of core-sheath polymer particles containing voids, resulting product and use 失效
标题翻译：生产包含空隙的芯鞘聚合物颗粒，产生产品并使用
公开(公告)号：US4594363A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-10
申请号：US690913
申请日：1985-01-11
申请人： Robert M. Blankenship , Alexander Kowalski
发明人： Robert M. Blankenship , Alexander Kowalski
IPC分类号： C09D5/02 , C08F2/22 , C08F265/02 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/28 , C09D5/00 , C09D133/00
CPC分类号： C08J9/28 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/12 , C08J3/128 , C09D5/028 , C09D7/125 , C09D7/1291 , C08J2201/0504 , C08J2333/10 , Y10S525/902
摘要： Process for making core-sheath polymer particles containing voids, said particles useful for opacifying, comprising (A) emulsion polymerizing a core from a core monomer system comprised of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing acid functionality; (B) encapsulating said core with a hard sheath by emulsion polymerizing a sheath monomer system in the presence of said core, said sheath permitting penetration of fixed or permanent bases; (C) swelling at elevated temperature the resultant core-sheath polymer particles with fixed or permanent base so as to produce a dispersion of particles which, when dried, contain a microvoid which causes opacity in compositions in which they are contained, provided that either (1) said sheath comprises at least about 1% acid functional monomer or (2) said swelling takes place in the presence of solvent.Compositions comprising said core-sheath polymer particles are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：用于制造含有空隙的芯鞘聚合物颗粒的方法，所述可用于不透明的颗粒包含（A）将芯从由至少一种含有酸官能团的烯属不饱和单体构成的核心单体体系乳液聚合; （B）通过在所述芯的存在下通过乳液聚合鞘单体体系而用硬壳包封所述芯，所述护套允许固定或永久性碱的渗透; （C）在高温下膨胀所得的具有固定或永久性碱的芯鞘聚合物颗粒，以产生颗粒的分散体，当干燥时，颗粒分散体含有在其所含的组合物中引起不透明度的微孔，只要（ 1）所述鞘包含至少约1％的酸官能单体或（2）所述溶胀在溶剂存在下进行。还公开了包含所述芯鞘聚合物颗粒的组合物。

6. 发明授权

US4427836A Sequential heteropolymer dispersion and a particulate material obtainable therefrom, useful in coating compositions as a thickening and/or opacifying agent 失效
标题翻译：顺序杂聚物分散体和可由其获得的颗粒材料，可用作涂料组合物作为增稠剂和/或遮光剂
公开(公告)号：US4427836A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-24
申请号：US352396
申请日：1982-02-25
申请人： Alexander Kowalski , Martin Vogel , Robert M. Blankenship
发明人： Alexander Kowalski , Martin Vogel , Robert M. Blankenship
IPC分类号： C08F2/22 , C08F265/02 , C09D151/00
CPC分类号： C08F2/22 , C08F265/02 , C09D151/003 , C09D5/028 , C09D7/002 , C09D7/125 , C09D7/1291 , Y10S525/902
摘要： The present invention is concerned with the production and use of water-insoluble particulate heteropolymers made by sequential emulsion polymerization in dispersed particles of which a "core" of a polymeric acid is at least partially encased in a "sheath" polymer that is permeable to a volatile base, such as ammonia or an organic amine, adapted to cause swelling of the core by neutralization. The aqueous dispersion of the acid-containing core/sheath particles is useful in making water-base coating compositions wherein it may serve as an opacifying agent when a volatile base is used to at least partially (to a pH of at least 6) neutralize the heteropolymer, microvoids being formed in cores of the swollen particles in the film during the drying thereof. Thus, the heteropolymer dispersion can serve as an opacifying agent in coating compositions, such as water-base paints, as a supplement or replacement of part or all of the pigmentary material or extenders that would otherwise be used in such coating compositions.For convenience of description herein, the terms "core", "sheath", and "core/sheath polymr" are frequently used to refer to the distinct functional components of the individual polymer particles of the essential "mode" of the heteropolymers of the present invention even though in actuality, the components of the polymer particles thereof may not have the precise arrangement implied by this terminology.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过在其分散颗粒中顺序乳液聚合制备的水不溶性颗粒状杂聚物的制备和使用，其中聚合酸的“芯”至少部分地包封在可渗透的“护套”聚合物中挥发性碱，例如氨或有机胺，适于通过中和引起芯的溶胀。含酸芯/皮颗粒的含水分散体可用于制备水性涂料组合物，其中当使用挥发性碱至少部分（至少6的pH）时，其可以用作不透明剂，中和杂聚物，在其干燥期间在膜中的溶胀颗粒的芯中形成微孔。因此，杂聚聚物分散体可以用作涂料组合物中的遮光剂，例如水基涂料，作为另外将用于这种涂料组合物的部分或全部颜料材料或增量剂的补充或替代物。为了方便本文的描述，术语“芯”，“护套”和“芯/鞘多聚体”经常用于指本发明的杂聚物的基本“模式”的各个聚合物颗粒的不同功能组分即使实际上，其聚合物颗粒的组分可能不具有由该术语所暗示的精确布置。

7. 发明授权

US1955134A Removable jaw orange clipper 失效
标题翻译：可拆卸的下巴橙色剪刀
公开(公告)号：US1955134A
公开(公告)日：1934-04-17
申请号：US67322833
申请日：1933-05-27
申请人： ALEXANDER KOWALSKI
发明人： ALEXANDER KOWALSKI
IPC分类号： A01G3/02
CPC分类号： A01G3/02

8. 发明授权

US5147937A Process for making controlled, uniform-sized particles in the 1 to 50 micrometer range 失效
标题翻译：制造受控的方法，1至50微米范围的均匀颗粒
公开(公告)号：US5147937A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US662872
申请日：1991-03-01
申请人： Mark S. Frazza , Kim S. Ho , Alexander Kowalski , Robert R. Raney , Martin Vogel
发明人： Mark S. Frazza , Kim S. Ho , Alexander Kowalski , Robert R. Raney , Martin Vogel
IPC分类号： C08F2/22 , C08F2/20 , C08F2/44 , C08F257/02 , C08F291/00 , C08J3/12 , C08J3/16 , C08J3/24 , C08K5/3415 , C08L21/00
CPC分类号： C08F257/02 , C08F291/00
摘要： Uniformly sized polymer particles of 1-50 .mu.m diameter are made by gradually combining a water-insoluble monomer mixture with an aqueous dispersion of emulsion-polymerized polymer particles in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer and an oil-soluble, free-radical polymerization initiator.

9. 发明授权

US4469825A Sequential heteropolymer dispersion and a particulate material obtainable therefrom, useful in coating compositions as an opacifying agent 失效
标题翻译：顺序杂聚物分散体和可由其获得的颗粒材料，可用作涂料组合物作为遮光剂
公开(公告)号：US4469825A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US473507
申请日：1983-03-09
申请人： Alexander Kowalski , Martin Vogel
发明人： Alexander Kowalski , Martin Vogel
IPC分类号： C08F2/00 , C08F2/22 , C08F2/44 , C08F265/00 , C09D5/00 , C09D5/02 , C09D151/00 , C09D201/00
CPC分类号： C09D151/003 , C08F265/00 , Y10S525/902
摘要： The present invention is concerned with the production and use of water-insoluble particulate heteropolymers made by sequential emulsion polymerization in dispersed particles of which a "core" of a polymeric base is at least partially encased in a "sheath" polymer that is permeable to an acid, such as acetic acid, adapted to cause swelling of the core by neutralization. The aqueous dispersion of the acid-swollen, base-containing core/sheath particles is useful in making water-base coating compositions, microvoids being formed in cores of the swollen particles in the film during the drying thereof. Thus, the heteropolymer dispersion can serve as an opacifying agent in coating compositions, such as water-base paints, as a supplement or replacement of part or all of the pigmentary material or extenders that would otherwise be used in such coating compositions.For convenience of description herein, the terms "core", "sheath", and "core/sheath polymer" are frequently used to refer to the distinct functional components of the individual polymer particles of the essential "mode" of the heteropolymers of the present invention even though in actuality, the components of the polymer particles thereof may not have the precise arrangement implied by this terminology.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过在分散颗粒中顺序乳液聚合制备的水不溶性颗粒状杂聚物的制备和使用，其中聚合物基材的“芯”至少部分地包封在可渗透的“护套”聚合物中酸，如乙酸，适于通过中和引起芯的溶胀。酸溶胀的含碱基的芯/皮颗粒的水分散体可用于制备水性涂料组合物，其干燥期间在膜中的溶胀颗粒的芯中形成微孔。因此，杂聚聚物分散体可以用作涂料组合物中的遮光剂，例如水基涂料，作为另外将用于这种涂料组合物的部分或全部颜料材料或增量剂的补充或替代物。为了便于说明，术语“核心”，“护套”和“芯/鞘聚合物”通常用于指本发明的杂聚物的基本“模式”的各个聚合物颗粒的不同功能组分即使实际上，其聚合物颗粒的组分可能不具有由该术语所暗示的精确布置。

10. 发明授权

US5510422A Synthesis of latex capsules 失效
公开(公告)号：US5510422A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US467642
申请日：1995-06-06
申请人： Robert M. Blankenship , Ronald W. Novak , Clarence J. Neyhart , Martin Vogel , Alexander Kowalski
发明人： Robert M. Blankenship , Ronald W. Novak , Clarence J. Neyhart , Martin Vogel , Alexander Kowalski
IPC分类号： C08F2/22 , C08F2/44 , C08F265/02 , C08F267/06 , C08J3/12 , B32B27/30
CPC分类号： C08J3/12 , C08F265/02 , C08J3/126 , C09D7/125 , C09D7/1291 , C08J2333/12 , C08J2433/12 , Y10T428/2989
摘要： The present invention is concerned with core and shell polymeric particles having microvoids in the core and one or more channels connecting the microvoids to the exterior of the particle. These particles, or LCAPs are produced by forming a core of polymeric acid, encasing the core in a shell polymer permeable to base, and then neutralizing the core such that the core swells, causing the shell to "explode" in a controlled fashion. This controlled explosion causes channels to form in the shell.These particles can be used as control release devices for target compounds, to impart reinforcing properties to acrylic films, as an opacifying agent in coating compositions, and as a supplement or replacement of part or all of the pigmentary material or extenders that would otherwise be used in such coating compositions.

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