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1. 发明授权

US5448905A Solid-state chemical sensor apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：固体化学传感器装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US5448905A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US157529
申请日：1993-11-26
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , William J. Buttner
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , William J. Buttner
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G01N33/00 , H01C7/00 , G01N27/04
CPC分类号： G01N33/0049 , G01N33/0026
摘要： In solid-state chemical sensors, such as the highly sensitive and selective sensor for the detection of halogenated compounds comprises a bead of sodium lanthanum fluoride silicate, having the molecular formula NaLa.sub.4 (SiO.sub.4).sub.3 F, the performance and lifetime are adversely affected by a build-up of insulating reaction product between two electrodes. To prolong the lifetime, intermittent sensor operation is achieved by applying a voltage between the sensor electrodes during only a small fraction of each measurement cycle and/or by reversing the voltage in successive measurement intervals and/or by switching the connections between additional reserve electrodes and/or by periodically exposing the sensor to chemically filtered air at regular time intervals during a major fraction of each measurement cycle. The response speed and sensitivity of the NaLa.sub.4 (SiO.sub.4).sub.3 F sensor are improved when platinum black is interspersed with or otherwise added to the bead material during the preparation of the sensor. Improved reproducibility and additional sensing capabilities are also achieved by means of a feedback circuit that assures automated temperature constancy of the sensor bead and, at the same time, permits simultaneous estimation of the concentration of both halogen-containing and halogen-free combustible compounds. Provisions for a jump in the sensor temperature and for exposing the sensor to halogen-depleted air at the end of each measurement cycle minimize the effects of baseline drift and thereby yield higher sensitivity and measurement accuracy.
摘要翻译：在固体化学传感器中，例如用于检测卤代化合物的高灵敏度和选择性的传感器包括具有分子式NaLa4（SiO4）3F的氟化镧硅酸钠珠，其性能和寿命受到构建的不利影响 - 两个电极之间的绝缘反应产物。为了延长寿命，间歇传感器操作通过在每个测量周期的很小的一部分期间在传感器电极之间施加电压和/或通过在连续的测量间隔中反转电压和/或通过切换附加的备用电极和 /或者通过在每个测量周期的主要部分期间以规则的时间间隔周期性地将传感器暴露于化学过滤的空气。当在传感器的制备过程中，当铂黑色散布或以其他方式加入珠粒材料时，NaLa4（SiO4）3F传感器的响应速度和灵敏度得到改善。借助于确保传感器珠的自动温度恒定性的反馈电路也可实现改进的再现性和附加的感测能力，并且同时允许同时估计含卤素和无卤素的可燃化合物的浓度。在每个测量周期结束时，传感器温度的跳跃和传感器暴露于卤素消耗空气的规定使基线漂移的影响最小化，从而产生更高的灵敏度和测量精度。

2. 发明授权

US4865717A Electrochemical micro sensor 失效
标题翻译：电化学微传感器
公开(公告)号：US4865717A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US230684
申请日：1988-08-10
申请人： Joseph R. Setter , G. Jordan Maclay
发明人： Joseph R. Setter , G. Jordan Maclay
IPC分类号： G01N27/49
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： A micro-amperometric electrochemical sensor for detecting the presence of a pre-determined species in a fluid material is disclosed. The sensor includes a smooth substrate having a thin coating of solid electrolytic material deposited thereon. The working and counter electrodes are deposited on the surface of the solid electrolytic material and adhere thereto. Electrical leads connect the working and counter electrodes to a potential source and an apparatus for measuring the change in an electrical signal caused by the electrochemical oxidation or reduction of the species. Alternatively, the sensor may be fabricated in a sandwich structure and also may be cylindrical, spherical or other shapes.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于检测流体材料中预定物种的存在的微安培电化学传感器。传感器包括具有沉积在其上的固体电解材料的薄涂层的光滑基底。工作电极和对电极沉积在固体电解质材料的表面上并附着在其上。电引线将工作电极和对电极连接到电位源，以及用于测量由电化学氧化或还原物质引起的电信号变化的装置。或者，传感器可以制造成夹层结构，并且也可以是圆柱形，球形或其他形状。

3. 发明授权

US5315673A Optical waveguide vapor sensor 失效
标题翻译：光波导蒸汽传感器
公开(公告)号：US5315673A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US848240
申请日：1992-03-09
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , G. Jordan Maclay , David S. Ballantine, Jr.
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , G. Jordan Maclay , David S. Ballantine, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01N21/77 , G01N21/78 , G01N21/81 , G02B6/02
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N2021/773 , G01N21/783 , G01N21/81
摘要： An optical waveguide sensor for the detection of acid vapors comprises a chemically sensitive reagent coating of bromothymol blue or thymol blue indicator suspended in a Nafion polymer film. The sensor uses a 562-nm light-emitting diode source and a phototransistor detector. The response to HCl and H.sub.2 S vapors is both rapid and reversible, with an estimated detection limit for H.sub.2 S of less than 15 ppmv (parts per million by volume). The sensor exhibits generalized response to protonic acid vapors, but does not produce an indicator response to CO.sub.2, even at large concentrations (60 volume-%) in the presence of water vapor. The sensor exhibits a systematic interference from water vapor which may be corrected by a differential approach, either using a reference sensor (Nafion without an indicator) or by monitoring the sensor responses at two wavelengths.
摘要翻译：用于检测酸性蒸气的光波导传感器包括悬浮在Nafion聚合物膜中的溴百里酚蓝或百里酚蓝指示剂的化学敏感性试剂涂层。该传感器使用562nm发光二极管源和光电晶体管检测器。对HCl和H2S蒸气的反应是快速和可逆的，H2S的估计检测限低于15ppmv（按体积计百万分之一）。该传感器对质子酸蒸气表现出广泛的反应，但在水蒸气存在下，即使在大的浓度（60体积％）下也不会产生对二氧化碳的指示剂反应。该传感器表现出来自水蒸气的系统干扰，可以通过差分方法校正，无论是使用参考传感器（Nafion无指示器）还是通过监测两个波长的传感器响应。

4. 发明授权

US5047073A Sorption separation apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：吸附分离装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5047073A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US485478
申请日：1990-02-27
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , William R. Penrose
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , William R. Penrose
IPC分类号： B01D53/30 , G01N1/34 , G01N30/14 , G01N30/40
CPC分类号： G01N1/405 , B01D53/30 , G01N30/40 , G01N2030/402 , G01N2030/405 , G01N30/14
摘要： Selective detection of an analyte in a gaseous mixture is achieved by a chemical, especially amperometric, sensor, that is responsive to the analyte, and a pump-and-valve system, controlled by programmed electronic circuitry, which causes: a) ambient air to pass first through a chemical filter, that removes those air constituents to which the sensor may be responsive, and next through a sorbent-containing tube and the sensor; b) a portion of the gaseous mixture to be first drawn into a sample port and next flushed from the port into the sorbent tube; c) analyte-containing eluent from the sorbent tube to reach the sensor; and d) another mixture component to which the sensor may be responsive to be prevented from reaching the sensor. The sorbent-containing tube has a different retentivity for the analyte than for the other mixture component. The air flow rates and paths can be programmed and the volume of the mixture portion may be auto-ranged to maximize the accuracy of the sensor signals. Speedy analyses of CO in the presence of H.sub.2, of H.sub.2 S in the presence of organosulfur interferences or of other volatiles, such as methanol, methylene chloride or formaldehyde in the presence of interfering compounds of heavier molecular weight are thereby achieved with a portable instrument having improved reliability and relatively low cost.
摘要翻译：气态混合物中分析物的选择性检测是通过对分析物作出反应的化学物质，特别是电流计传感器实现的，以及由编程的电子电路控制的泵和阀系统，其导致：a）环境空气首先通过化学过滤器，去除传感器可能响应的那些空气成分，接下来通过含吸附剂的管和传感器; b）一部分气态混合物首先被吸入样品端口，接着从端口冲入吸附剂管中; c）来自吸附管的含分析物的洗脱液到达传感器; 以及d）可以防止传感器响应的另一混合物组分到达传感器。含吸附剂的管对分析物的保持性与其他混合物组分的保持性不同。空气流量和路径可以编程，混合部分的体积可以自动调整，以最大化传感器信号的精度。在有较高分子量的干扰化合物存在下，在存在有机硫干扰或其它挥发物如甲醇，二氯甲烷或甲醛的情况下，在H 2存在下，H 2存在下，CO的快速分析可以用改进的便携式仪器可靠性和成本相对较低。

5. 发明授权

US5512882A Chemical sensing apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：化学传感装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US5512882A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-30
申请号：US741573
申请日：1991-08-07
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , G. Jordan Maclay
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , G. Jordan Maclay
IPC分类号： G01N27/02 , G01N27/12 , G08B17/10
CPC分类号： G01N27/126
摘要： Apparatus for the detection of a vapor of a selected chemical substance includes a sensor whose impedance changes upon exposure to such a vapor. The sensor comprises a polymer whose physical structure is altered by the vapor, e.g., through expansion or disintegration, and electrically conductive elements that are interspersed with or separated by the polymer. The interspersed elements may consist of a fine powder of carbon or of a metal in a matrix of silicone or other vapor-sensitive polymer. The electrical contacts between the powder particles are weakened when the polymer swells or disintegrates, which results in increased resistance. Alternatively, the capacitance between two conductive layers separated by a polymer layer decreases, and hence the impedance increases, when the polymer swells upon exposure to the vapor. In yet another embodiment, the polymer exerts a stress on a piezoresistive element and the stress is increased when the polymer swells, which causes a further increase in resistance. The changes are measured by an impedance-measuring circuit, such as a Wheatstone bridge.
摘要翻译：用于检测所选化学物质的蒸汽的装置包括一种传感器，其在暴露于这种蒸气时其阻抗发生变化。传感器包括其物理结构被蒸气改变的聚合物，例如通过膨胀或分解，以及与聚合物分散或分离的导电元件。散在的元素可以由硅或者其它气敏聚合物的基质中的碳或金属的细粉末组成。当聚合物溶胀或分解时，粉末颗粒之间的电接触被削弱，这导致增加的电阻。或者，当聚合物在暴露于蒸气时膨胀时，由聚合物层分离的两个导电层之间的电容降低，并且因此阻抗增加。在另一个实施方案中，聚合物在压阻元件上施加应力，并且当聚合物膨胀时应力增加，这导致电阻的进一步增加。这些变化由诸如惠斯通电桥之类的阻抗测量电路来测量。

6. 发明授权

US5331310A Amperometric carbon monoxide sensor module for residential alarms 失效
标题翻译：电流一氧化碳传感器模块，用于住宅报警器
公开(公告)号：US5331310A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-19
申请号：US864330
申请日：1992-04-06
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , Li Pan
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , Li Pan
IPC分类号： G01N27/49 , G08B17/117 , G08B17/10
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045 , G08B17/117
摘要： A relatively inexpensive modular component that can be substituted for, or used in conjunction with, an existing smoke detector in a commercially available residential fire-detection alarm comprises: (A) an amperometric sensor for carbon monoxide, in which the reference and counter electrodes are combined either internally into a single auxiliary electrode or externally by electrical shorting; and (b) a simple current-to-voltage converter circuit that converts the current signals from the sensing electrode into amplified voltage signals. The converter circuit is powered by the same battery (usually a 9-volt dry cell) and is connected to the same alarm-triggering circuit that are used in existing residential fire alarms. The sensor-and-converter module is designed to fit into a commercially available smoke-detector-type fire alarm unit. The electrical output of the module is designed to be compatible with the electrical input requirements of the commercial detection circuitry. An alarm fitted with this module provides early warning of hazardous conditions, such as a smoldering fire, a leaky furnace, or an otherwise heavily polluted atmosphere.
摘要翻译：在市售的住宅火灾检测报警器中可以替代或与现有烟雾探测器一起使用的相对廉价的模块化部件包括：（A）用于一氧化碳的电流传感器，其中参考和对电极是内部组合成单个辅助电极，或外部电气短路; 和（b）简单的电流 - 电压转换器电路，其将来自感测电极的电流信号转换成放大的电压信号。转换器电路由相同的电池（通常为9伏干电池）供电，并连接到与现有住宅火灾报警器中使用的同一个报警触发电路。传感器和转换器模块设计成适合市售的烟雾探测器型火灾报警装置。模块的电气输出设计为与商业检测电路的电气输入要求兼容。装有该模块的报警器可提供危险状况的早期警告，例如闷烧的火灾，泄漏炉或其他严重污染的气体。

7. 发明授权

US5198771A Potentiostatic apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：静电设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US5198771A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US753835
申请日：1991-09-03
申请人： John C. Fidler , James P. Bobis , William R. Penrose , Joseph R. Stetter
发明人： John C. Fidler , James P. Bobis , William R. Penrose , Joseph R. Stetter
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G05F1/56
CPC分类号： G05F1/561 , G01N27/49
摘要： A potentiostat for an amperometric sensor uses a voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), which may be either unidirectional or, preferably, bidirectional. An error amplifier compares the potential of the sensor's reference or counter electrode, relative to ground potential, to a set-point potential. The error voltage serves as an input to the VCCS. The output of the VCCS--a current proportional to the error voltage--is supplied to the sensor's auxiliary electrode. In a steady state, the error voltage is just large enough to supply current that is equal to the current through the sensor's working and auxiliary (or counter) electrodes. The error voltage can either serve directly as an output voltage or it can be amplified without introducing a feed-back loop disturbance. The VCCS permits direct grounding of the sensor's working electrode and operation of the error amplifier at a low or moderate gain, so as to increase the circuit's frequency response and reduce the probability of oscillation. Also, in conjunction with an adjustable low-pass filter, the VCCS permits optimization of the system's frequency response so as to yield improved stability.
摘要翻译：用于电流传感器的恒电位仪使用压控电流源（VCCS），其可以是单向的，或者优选地是双向的。误差放大器将传感器参考电极或对电极相对于地电位的电位与设定点电位进行比较。误差电压用作VCCS的输入。输出与误差电压成比例的VCCS-a电流输入到传感器的辅助电极。在稳定状态下，误差电压足够大以提供等于通过传感器工作电极和辅助（或反向）电极的电流的电流。误差电压可以直接作为输出电压，也可以在不引入反馈回路干扰的情况下进行放大。 VCCS允许传感器的工作电极直接接地和误差放大器的操作在低或中等增益，以增加电路的频率响应并降低振荡的概率。此外，结合可调低通滤波器，VCCS可以优化系统的频率响应，从而提高稳定性。

8. 发明授权

US4818348A Method and apparatus for identifying and quantifying simple and complex chemicals 失效
标题翻译：用于识别和量化简单和复杂化学品的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US4818348A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-04
申请号：US53723
申请日：1987-05-26
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter
IPC分类号： G01N30/02 , G01N30/62 , G01N33/00 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/0031 , G01N2030/025 , G01N2030/027 , G01N30/62 , Y10T436/117497
摘要： A portable instrument for use in the field in detecting, identifying, quantifying, and monitoring gas, liquid or solid materials is disclosed. The instrument may analyze either liquids or gases depending upon the type of sensor array therein. The instrument also includes means for changing a gas, liquid or solid to a fluid material. The instrument further includes an array or small sensors which, upon exposure to the unknown material, form a pattern of electrical responses, a source of previously formed response patterns characteristic of various materials, and microprocessor means for comparing the sensor-formed response pattern with one or more previously-formed response patterns to thereby identify the material on a display. The number of responses may be increased by changing the operating voltage, temperature or other condition associated with one or more sensors to provide a plurality of responses from each of one or more of the sensors. The instrument is capable of identifying a large number of liquid and solid materials.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于现场检测，识别，量化和监测气体，液体或固体材料的便携式仪器。仪器可以根据其中的传感器阵列的类型来分析液体或气体。该仪器还包括用于将气体，液体或固体改变为流体材料的装置。该仪器还包括阵列或小型传感器，其在暴露于未知材料时形成电响应的图案，具有各种材料特征的先前形成的响应图案的源，以及用于将传感器形成的响应图案与一个或更多的先前形成的响应模式，从而识别显示器上的材料。响应的数量可以通过改变与一个或多个传感器相关联的工作电压，温度或其它条件来提高来自一个或多个传感器中的每一个的多个响应。该仪器能够识别大量的液体和固体材料。

9. 发明授权

US4847594A Sensor for detecting the exhaustion of an adsorbent bed 失效
标题翻译：用于检测吸附剂床的耗尽的传感器
公开(公告)号：US4847594A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-11
申请号：US174180
申请日：1988-03-28
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter
IPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G08B21/18
CPC分类号： G01N27/12 , G08B21/182
摘要： A sensor includes a vapor sensitive medium and a means for monitoring at least one property of the vapor sensitive medium. The vapor sensitive medium is chosen such that it exhibits a response to the vapors absorbed by an absorbent bed which is substantially the same as the response of the absorbent to the vapors absorbed. The monitored property is a function of the response of the vapor sensitive medium to the vapors absorbed. Also disclosed are an absorbent bed alarm system employing the sensor and a filter cartridge which employs the adsorbent bed alarm system.
摘要翻译：传感器包括蒸气敏感介质和用于监测蒸气敏感介质的至少一个性质的装置。选择蒸气敏感介质使得其对吸收剂吸收的蒸汽表现出响应，其基本上与吸收剂对吸收的蒸气的响应相同。监测的性质是蒸气敏感介质对吸收的蒸汽的响应的函数。还公开了采用该传感器的吸收床报警系统和采用吸附床报警系统的滤筒。

10. 发明授权

US4795543A Spin coating of electrolytes 失效
标题翻译：旋涂电解质
公开(公告)号：US4795543A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-03
申请号：US53722
申请日：1987-05-26
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , G. Jordan Maclay
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , G. Jordan Maclay
IPC分类号： G01N27/49 , G01N27/30
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045 , Y10T29/417
摘要： Methods for spin coating electrolytic materials onto substrates are disclosed. More particularly, methods for depositing solid coatings of ion-conducting material onto planar substrates and onto electrodes are disclosed. These spin coating methods are employed to fabricate electrochemical sensors for use in measuring, detecting and quantifying gases and liquids.
摘要翻译：公开了将电解质材料旋涂到基底上的方法。更具体地，公开了将离子传导材料的固体涂层沉积到平面基板上和电极上的方法。这些旋涂方法用于制造用于测量，检测和定量气体和液体的电化学传感器。

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