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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Method for preparing saccharide fatty acid polyesters by
transesterification
    • 通过酯交换制备糖类脂肪酸聚酯的方法
    • US5440027A
    • 1995-08-08
    • US132106
    • 1993-10-05
    • Gerry Hasenhuettl
    • Gerry Hasenhuettl
    • C07H13/06C07H1/00C07H13/04
    • C07H13/06
    • An improved method for the preparation of saccharide fatty acid polyesters via a two-step process is provided. In the first step, a saccharide is partially esterified so as to contain, on average, between about 1.5 to 3.5 lower acyl ester groups. In the second step, the partially esterified saccharide is reacted with a fatty acid-containing reagent (for example, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, salts of fatty acids, or fatty acid anhydrides) whereby the lower acyl ester groups and the hydroxyl groups on the partially esterified saccharide are replaced with fatty acid ester groups in a transesterification reaction to form a saccharide fatty acid polyesters. The use of a partially esterified saccharide as a reactant in the transesterification reaction allows for a more homogeneous reaction system, less caramelization or other decomposition reactions, and less low molecular weight ester by-product formation. The saccharide fatty acid polyesters, especially the sucrose fatty acid polyesters, are useful as fat substitutes or low-calorie fats in food compositions.
    • 提供了一种通过两步法制备糖类脂肪酸聚酯的改进方法。 在第一步中,糖部分酯化,以便平均含有约1.5至3.5个较低酰基酯基团。 在第二步中,将部分酯化的糖与含脂肪酸的试剂(例如脂肪酸,脂肪酸酯,脂肪酸的盐或脂肪酸酐)反应,由此将低级酰基酯基和羟基在 部分酯化的糖在酯交换反应中被脂肪酸酯基取代,形成糖类脂肪酸聚酯。 在酯交换反应中使用部分酯化的糖作为反应物允许更均匀的反应体系,较少焦糖化或其它分解反应,以及较低分子量的酯副产物形成。 糖类脂肪酸聚酯,特别是蔗糖脂肪酸聚酯,可用作食品组合物中的脂肪替代物或低热量脂肪。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Cereal cooker control method and apparatus
    • 谷物炊具控制方法及装置
    • US5403603A
    • 1995-04-04
    • US120042
    • 1993-09-10
    • Nancy J. McCulloughJames E. WillburRonald H. KeagleLeon R. Harris
    • Nancy J. McCulloughJames E. WillburRonald H. KeagleLeon R. Harris
    • G05D7/06A23L1/00G01N33/00
    • G05D7/0605
    • A control process and apparatus enable operation of a pressurized continuous cereal cooker and discharge auger with decreased steam utilization. An electric motor advances the cooked cereal mass through a pressurized zone comprising a quick-opening valve, preferably a butterfly valve. The current drawn by the electric motor is monitored to sense the accumulation of cooked cereal mass at the valve. A process signal, representative of the current drawn by the motor, is compared to a reference signal, representative of a selected value representative of a current higher than that required to turn an empty auger. A control signal based on the comparison of the first signal and the reference signal is then generated to open or close the valve in response to the control signal. When the process signal drops below the reference signal, the valve is closed.
    • 控制过程和装置能够使蒸汽利用率降低的加压连续谷物烹调器和排出螺旋钻的操作。 电动机通过包括快开阀,优选蝶形阀的加压区域使熟化的谷粒物质进入。 监测由电动机吸出的电流,以感测在阀门处的熟麦片的积累。 将表示电动机所绘制的电流的过程信号与参考信号进行比较,该参考信号表示选择的值,其表示比转动空螺旋推运器所需电流高的电流。 然后产生基于第一信号和参考信号的比较的控制信号,以响应于控制信号来打开或关闭阀。 当过程信号低于参考信号时,阀门关闭。