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81. 发明授权

US5592246A Device and method for mapping objects 失效
标题翻译：用于映射对象的设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US5592246A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-07
申请号：US440512
申请日：1995-05-12
申请人： William P. Kuhn , Phillip C. Baker
发明人： William P. Kuhn , Phillip C. Baker
IPC分类号： G01B11/24 , A61B3/10 , A61B3/107 , A61B3/12 , G01B11/255 , G02C13/00 , A61B3/00
CPC分类号： A61B3/107 , G01B11/255
摘要： This invention provides a method and apparatus for mapping the surface of an object, in particular, a transparent object such as anterior and posterior surfaces of a patient's cornea, in a clinically useful time using a single optical system. In a preferred embodiment, a pattern generator projects a pattern of light and dark areas onto a patient's cornea, and a light detector receives patterns reflected from the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea. A mapping means generates a three-dimensional map of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces from information regarding the projected and detected light patterns. The invention can be used to map other transparent objects such as a contact lens or an intraocular device, e.g., an intrastromal ring. The invention can also be used to map the surface of an opaque object.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于使用单个光学系统在临床有用的时间内对象的表面，特别是诸如患者角膜的前表面和后表面的透明物体进行映射的方法和装置。在优选实施例中，图案生成器将光和暗区域的图案投射到患者的角膜上，并且光检测器接收从角膜的前表面和后表面反射的图案。映射装置从关于投影和检测到的光图案的信息生成前角膜和后角膜表面的三维图。本发明可用于映射诸如隐形眼镜或眼内装置之类的其它透明物体，例如内旋环。本发明还可用于映射不透明物体的表面。

82. 发明授权

US5581347A Optimization method and device for direct measurement of an optical component 失效
标题翻译：用于直接测量光学部件的优化方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5581347A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-03
申请号：US308113
申请日：1994-09-16
申请人： Gilles Le Saux , Patrick Bertrand , Xavier Lippens , Christophe Lafay
发明人： Gilles Le Saux , Patrick Bertrand , Xavier Lippens , Christophe Lafay
IPC分类号： G01B11/24 , G01B11/255 , G01M11/00 , G01M11/02 , G01B9/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/025 , G01M11/0285
摘要： A method and device for measurement of the geometrical or optical structure of an optical component such as a lens or a mold for making lens are provided. The method comprises the steps of illuminating the optical component to be measured with incident light having a known wavefront, measuring, in a given plane, the maps of the wavefront slopes of the light, after reflection at or transmission by the optical component, and deducing the surface topography or refraction index map of the optical component to be measured from the measurements of the slope maps by the application of at least one calculating procedure.The calculating procedure comprises a step in which a result surface is initialized using a simple starting surface SD' and at least one optimization step; each optimization step involves calculation of the value of a merit function representative of the departure between the result surface and the surface to be measured of the optical component and, minimization of said value varying said result surface, said variation being expressed in the form of at least one intermediate surface S.sub.i.
摘要翻译：提供了用于测量诸如用于制造透镜的透镜或模具的光学部件的几何或光学结构的方法和装置。该方法包括以下步骤：用具有已知波前的入射光照射待测量的光学部件，在给定的平面中，在光学部件反射或透射之后测量光的波前斜率的映射，并推导出通过应用至少一个计算过程，从斜率图的测量中测量的光学部件的表面形貌或折射率图。计算过程包括使用简单起始面SD'和至少一个优化步骤对结果表面进行初始化的步骤; 每个优化步骤包括计算代表光学部件的结果表面和待测量表面之间的偏差的优值函数的值，并且使所述值的最小化改变所述结果表面，所述变化以表示为至少一个中间表面Si。

83. 发明授权

US5428448A Method and apparatus for non-contact digitazation of frames and lenses 失效
标题翻译：框架和透镜非接触式数字化的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5428448A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US139936
申请日：1993-10-20
申请人： Pablo Albert-Garcia
发明人： Pablo Albert-Garcia
IPC分类号： G01B11/24 , G01B11/255 , G02C13/00
CPC分类号： G02C13/003 , G01B11/2433 , G01B11/255
摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the size and shape to which a finished lens used to make an eyeglass lens is to be cut. Coordinates which define the outer perimeter of a lens are determined by illuminating either an eyeglass frame or a lens. An image of the shadow of the frame or lens is captured by an imaging device. A first linear polarizing filter is positioned optically between a light source and the membrane. A second linear polarizing filter, oriented at 180.degree. from the first filter, is placed optically between the membrane and the camera. Thus, the first and second polarizing filters allow a high definition image to be attained for substantially transparent plastic. A general purpose computer: (1) identifies the edges of the image so as to define the perimeter; (2) orients the image by identifying an orientation line placed upon a lens, if the image is of a lens which is not within a frame; and (3) measures the distance between lenses if an eyeglass frame is being measured. If an eyeglass frame is being measured, then a depth gauge indicator is used to measure the depth of a groove in the frame into which a lens is recessed when mounted in the eyeglass frame. Once the coordinates of the lens are determined, they may be verified by comparison with the frames or lens from which they were derived. Further, the coordinates of the outer perimeter of the edged lens may be determined to verify the accuracy of the operation.
摘要翻译：用于确定用于制造眼镜镜片的成品透镜的尺寸和形状的方法和装置将被切割。通过照射眼镜架或镜片来确定限定镜片外周的坐标。由成像装置拍摄框架或透镜的阴影的图像。第一线性偏振滤光器光学地定位在光源和膜之间。从第一个过滤器180度定向的第二个线性偏振滤光器被光学地放置在膜和照相机之间。因此，第一和第二偏振滤光器允许为基本透明的塑料获得高清晰度图像。通用计算机：（1）识别图像的边缘以定义周边; （2）如果图像是不在框架内的透镜，则通过识别放置在透镜上的取向线来定向图像; 和（3）如果正在测量眼镜架，则测量镜片之间的距离。如果正在测量眼镜框架，则使用深度计指示器来测量当安装在眼镜架中时镜片凹入的框架中的凹槽的深度。一旦确定了透镜的坐标，它们可以通过与从其导出的框架或透镜进行比较来验证。此外，可以确定边缘透镜的外周的坐标以验证操作的准确性。

84. 发明授权

US5410408A Optical arrangement for performing null testing of aspheric surfaces including reflective/diffractive optics 失效
$Optical arrangement for performing null testing of aspheric surfaces including reflective/diffractive optics$
标题翻译：用于执行包括反射/衍射光学元件在内的非球面表面的零测试的光学装置
公开(公告)号：US5410408A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-25
申请号：US172459
申请日：1993-12-22
申请人： Clinton Evans , Melvin Francis
发明人： Clinton Evans , Melvin Francis
IPC分类号： G01B11/255 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01B11/255
摘要： An improved null optical testing arrangement (22) for null testing aspheric surfaces of optics includes a reflective/diffractive null optical component (24). The reflective/diffractive null optical component (24) provides a reflective/diffractive surface (30) that is easily qualified as a null testing optical arrangement. The reflective/diffractive surface (30) of the null optic (24) generates a reference wavefront which can be completely characterized by measuring the diameters of diffractive rings with an interferometer (42).
摘要翻译：用于零测试光学非球面表面的改进的零光学测试装置（22）包括反射/衍射零光学部件（24）。反射/衍射零光学部件（24）提供了容易被认定为空测试光学装置的反射/衍射表面（30）。零光学器件（24）的反射/衍射表面（30）产生参考波前，其可以通过用干涉仪（42）测量衍射环的直径来完全表征。

85. 发明授权

US5387975A Interferometer for measuring a surface configuration of a test object by an interference pattern using gratings to generate wave fronts 失效
标题翻译：干涉仪，用于通过使用光栅产生波前的干涉图案测量测试对象的表面配置
公开(公告)号：US5387975A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-07
申请号：US79639
申请日：1993-06-18
申请人： Futoshi Ishida , Kiyofumi Hashimoto , Toshihide Dohi , Takao Kobayashi , Yutaka Tokuyama
发明人： Futoshi Ishida , Kiyofumi Hashimoto , Toshihide Dohi , Takao Kobayashi , Yutaka Tokuyama
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01B11/24 , G01B11/255 , G01M11/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/255
摘要： An interferometer utilizing interference whose object is the measurement of the configuration of a test surface with high precision by allowing accurate positioning to a predetermined measuring position for the measurement of the configuration of the test surface.The interferometer is equipped with an alignment pattern (4A) which generates a wave front that converges at the predetermined measuring position, as well as a wave front for measuring the configuration corresponding to the design configuration of the test surface (9), and by using a test surface-reflected beam of the wave front generated by the alignment pattern, an alignment observation optical system (8) measures the displacement of the test surface from the predetermined measuring position.
摘要翻译：干涉仪利用干涉，其目的是通过允许精确定位到预定测量位置以测量测试表面的配置，来高精度地测量测试表面的构造。干涉仪配备有产生在预定测量位置收敛的波前的对准图案（4A）以及用于测量与测试表面（9）的设计构造对应的配置的波前，并且通过使用通过对准图案产生的波前的测试表面反射光束，对准观察光学系统（8）测量测试表面从预定测量位置的位移。

86. 发明授权

US5341212A Wave front interferometer 失效
标题翻译：波前干涉仪
公开(公告)号：US5341212A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US918203
申请日：1992-07-20
申请人： Tomohiro Yonezawa
发明人： Tomohiro Yonezawa
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01B11/255 , G01B11/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/255
摘要： A wave front interferometer for determining the shape of a surface from interference fringes has a light source which projects a light beam through a beam splitter disposed in an optical path between the light source and an optical surface whose shape is to be determined. The beam splitter bends a phase conjugate wave to become incident on the optical surface and to be reflected as a reflected beam. A phase conjugate mirror disposed in the optical path receives the light beam along a beam path through the beam splitter and reflects the light beam as the phase conjugate wave. The phase conjugate mirror reflects the light beam back along the same beam path so that the distance of the focus point of the light beam reflected from the phase conjugate mirror increases as the distance between the light source and the beam splitter and/or the phase conjugate mirror increases, so that either a convex or concave surface having a large radius of curvature can be measured. The reflected beam from the optical surface is effective as a measurement wave for determining the shape of the optical surface.
摘要翻译：用于从干涉条纹确定表面形状的波前干涉仪具有将光束投射通过布置在光源和要确定其形状的光学表面之间的光路中的分束器的光源。分束器使相位共轭波弯曲成入射到光学表面上并被反射成反射光束。设置在光路中的相位共轭反射镜沿着通过分束器的光束路径接收光束，并将光束反射为相位共轭波。相位共轭镜将光束沿着相同的光束路径反射回，使得从相位共轭镜反射的光束的焦点的距离随着光源和分束器之间的距离和/或相位共轭镜子增加，因此可以测量曲率半径较大的凸面或凹面。来自光学表面的反射光束作为用于确定光学表面的形状的测量波是有效的。

87. 发明授权

US5315374A Three-dimensional measuring apparatus 失效
标题翻译：三维测量仪器
公开(公告)号：US5315374A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US948592
申请日：1992-09-23
申请人： Keiichi Yoshizumi
发明人： Keiichi Yoshizumi
IPC分类号： G01B11/24 , G01B11/245 , G01B11/255 , G01B21/20 , G01M11/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/255
摘要： A three-dimensional measuring apparatus has an optical probe built therein The optical probe includes a laser source onto a surface to be measured, a beam laser source, an objective lens for condensing a light from splitter for separating from an incident optical path a laser light reflected from the surface to be measured, a non-polarizing beam splitter for separating a separated light into two separated lights by a fixed separating ratio, independent of a direction of polarization, a first pin hole provided in front of a condensing point of one of the two separated lights separated by the non-polarizing beam splitter, a first photodetector for receiving the light passing through the first pin hole, a second pin hole provided in the rear of a condensing point of the other of the two separated lights separated by the non-polarizing beam splitter, a second photodetector for receiving the light passing through the second pin hole, and a driving means for driving the objective lens by a difference of outputs between the first and second photodetectors as an error signal for automatic focus control. Thus, the optical probe is free of focusing errors even if the inclining direction of the surface to be measured is changed.
摘要翻译：三维测量装置具有内置的光学探针。光探针包括待测表面上的激光源，光束激光源，用于会聚来自分离器的光以从入射光路分离的物镜，激光从被测量表面反射的非偏振光束分离器，用于将独立的光分离成两个分离的光，并且与偏振方向无关地将分离的光分离成两个独立的光，由非偏振光束分离器分离的两个分开的光，用于接收通过第一针孔的光的第一光电检测器，设置在两个分离光中的另一个的聚光点后面的第二针孔，非偏振光束分离器，用于接收通过第二针孔的光的第二光电检测器，以及用于通过广告驱动物镜的驱动装置第一和第二光电检测器之间的输出的差异作为用于自动聚焦控制的误差信号。因此，即使要测量的表面的倾斜方向改变，光学探头也没有聚焦误差。

88. 发明授权

US5307097A Corneal topography system including single-direction shearing of holograph grating in orthogonal directions 失效
标题翻译：角膜地形系统包括正交方向的全息光栅单向剪切
公开(公告)号：US5307097A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-26
申请号：US972374
申请日：1992-11-05
申请人： Philip A. Baker
发明人： Philip A. Baker
IPC分类号： A61B3/107 , G01B11/25 , G01B11/255 , A61B3/10 , A61B3/00 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： A61B3/107 , G01B11/2513 , G01B11/255
摘要： A system for producing a three-dimensional image of a surface, such as a surface of a cornea, includes a laser beam that passes through a beamsplitter and an objective lens to produce a spherical wavefront that impinges on the cornea and is reflected by the cornea as a return beam back through the objective lens. The return beam is reflected by the beamsplitter through an imaging lens that focuses the return beam onto an imaging screen, through a dual phase plate, and onto a photosensitive array. The dual phase plate includes two sets of spaced periodic refractive features spaced along orthogonal directions. The phase plate is modulated by incrementing it at a 45 degree angle relative to the first and second directions, thereby simultaneously producing phase shear along the two orthogonal directions. The resulting intensities at each pixel of a CCD camera are digitized and used to compute an optical phase difference (OPD) map consisting of the relative deviation of the cornea surface from the impinging spherical wavefront at each pixel. The OPD map then is summed with a "spherical map" of the impinging spherical wavefront, which has height coordinates measured relative to a limbus plane under the cornea, to obtain a complete three-dimensional image of the cornea. Various d-spacings of the dual phase plate patterns, in conjunction with corresponding capture intervals or shifts produced by the incrementing, allow scaling of the sensitivity of the system to allow "close up" viewing of the cornea.
摘要翻译：用于产生诸如角膜表面的表面的三维图像的系统包括通过分束器和物镜的激光束，以产生撞击在角膜上并被角膜反射的球面波前作为返回光束通过物镜返回。返回光束由分束器通过成像透镜反射，成像透镜将返回光束聚焦到成像屏幕上，通过双相位板和光敏阵列。双相板包括沿着正交方向隔开的两组间隔开的周期性折射特征。通过相对于第一和第二方向以45度角递增相位调制相位板，由此同时沿着两个正交方向产生相位剪切。将CCD照相机各像素的强度数字化并用于计算由每个像素处的角膜表面与入射球面波前的相对偏差组成的光学相位差（OPD）图。然后将OPD图与入射球面波前的“球面图”相加，其具有相对于角膜下的角膜缘平面测量的高度坐标，以获得角膜的完整三维图像。双相板图案的各种d间距结合相应的捕获间隔或由递增产生的偏移，允许系统的灵敏度的缩放以允许“闭合”观察角膜。

89. 发明授权

US5245402A General aspherical surface optical testing device 失效
标题翻译：一般非球面光学测试装置
公开(公告)号：US5245402A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-14
申请号：US901622
申请日：1992-06-15
申请人： Iwao P. Adachi
发明人： Iwao P. Adachi
IPC分类号： G01B11/255 , G01M11/00 , G01M11/02
CPC分类号： G01M11/025 , G01B11/255 , G01M11/005
摘要： A general aspherical surface optical testing device comprised of a collimator lens system having lens designed to a predetermined radius of curvature that perfectly collimates a focused laser beam through an aberration compensating lens. The aberration compensating lens is designed to a predetermined radius of curvature to compensate for the aberration of an ellipse mirror, a parabola, or hyperbola mirror. A computer generated holographic general aspheric compensating plate is positioned between the collimator and the aberration compensating lens to make additional correction as needed in addition to the aberration compensations lens. For an aspheric mirror having a large numerical aperture, the hologram is order type.
摘要翻译：一种普通的非球面光学测试装置，包括具有设计成预定的曲率半径的透镜的准直透镜系统，该透镜系统通过像差补偿透镜完全准直聚焦的激光束。像差补偿透镜被设计成预定的曲率半径以补偿椭圆镜，抛物线或双曲线反射镜的像差。除了像差补偿透镜之外，计算机产生的全息一般非球面补偿板位于准直器和像差补偿透镜之间以进行需要的附加校正。对于具有大数值孔径的非球面镜，全息图是顺序型。

90. 发明授权

US5155553A Multiple-color null lens employing refractive and diffractive optical elements 失效
$Multiple-color null lens employing refractive and diffractive optical elements$
标题翻译：使用折射和衍射光学元件的多色零透镜
公开(公告)号：US5155553A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-13
申请号：US631834
申请日：1990-12-21
申请人： Chungte W. Chen
发明人： Chungte W. Chen
IPC分类号： G01B9/021 , G01B11/255
CPC分类号： G01B11/255 , G01B9/021
摘要： Disclosed is an apparatus (10) for null lens testing of an optical element (20). This apparatus incorporates both refractive (32, 36) and diffractive (30, 34) optical elements to create a null lens testing apparatus (10) tuned to two separate wavelengths. By combining or superimposing the interference patterns from the two wavelengths in an interferometer (12) using the two-wavelength holographic technique, the null lens testing apparatus (10) can desensitize the tests such that a single null testing apparatus (10) can be used to test an optical element (20) from its early fabrication stages to its final polishing stages.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于光学元件（20）的零透镜测试的装置（10）。该装置包括折射（32,36）和衍射（30,34）光学元件，以产生调谐到两个分开的波长的零透镜测试装置（10）。通过使用双波长全息技术在干涉仪（12）中组合或叠加来自两个波长的干涉图案，零透镜测试装置（10）可以使测试脱敏，使得可以使用单个零点测试装置（10）以将光学元件（20）从其早期制造阶段测试到其最终抛光阶段。

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