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    • 82. 发明授权
    • Accelerator opening degree detection apparatus
    • 加速器开度检测装置
    • US6058349A
    • 2000-05-02
    • US975141
    • 1997-11-20
    • Shigeo KikoriOsamu FukasawaHiroshi MizunoKatsuyuki KawaiMitsuru Takada
    • Shigeo KikoriOsamu FukasawaHiroshi MizunoKatsuyuki KawaiMitsuru Takada
    • G01B21/22F02D11/02F02D11/10F02D45/00F02D9/02F02D41/04
    • F02D11/02F02D2200/602F02D2250/16
    • The accelerator opening degree detection apparatus of the present invention includes: an accelerator pedal position sensor for detecting a position of an accelerator pedal; and a calculating section for calculating an accelerator opening degree based on an output of the accelerator pedal position sensor. The calculating section performs at least the following steps of: obtaining a signal PDLAD by smoothing the output of the accelerator pedal position sensor with a first smoothing coefficient; obtaining a signal PDLSM by smoothing the output of the accelerator pedal position sensor with a second smoothing coefficient which is larger than the first smoothing coefficient; storing a reference value GPDL representing a reference position of the accelerator pedal position sensor; calculating an accelerator opening degree PDLA based on a difference between the signal PDLAD and the reference value GPDL; and updating the reference value GPDL based on the signal PDLSM if the accelerator opening degree PDLA satisfies a predetermined update condition.
    • 本发明的油门开度检测装置包括:加速器踏板位置传感器,用于检测加速踏板的位置; 以及计算部分,用于基于加速器踏板位置传感器的输出来计算加速器开度。 计算部至少执行以下步骤:通过利用第一平滑系数平滑加速器踏板位置传感器的输出来获得信号PDLAD; 通过以大于第一平滑系数的第二平滑系数平滑加速器踏板位置传感器的输出来获得信号PDLSM; 存储表示加速踏板位置传感器的基准位置的基准值GPDL; 基于信号PDLAD和参考值GPDL之间的差来计算加速器开度PDLA; 并且如果加速器开度PDLA满足预定的更新条件,则基于信号PDLSM更新参考值GPDL。
    • 84. 发明授权
    • Process unit having mounting guides and protective covers
    • 处理单元具有安装导轨和保护罩
    • US5845176A
    • 1998-12-01
    • US510373
    • 1995-08-02
    • Narutaka YoshidaYuzuru SugimotoHiroshi Mizuno
    • Narutaka YoshidaYuzuru SugimotoHiroshi Mizuno
    • G03G15/08G03G21/16G03G21/18
    • G03G21/1832G03G15/0896G03G21/1623G03G21/1638G03G21/1853G03G2221/1609G03G2221/163G03G2221/1687
    • A fixed frame includes a photosensitive drum and a developing unit, and a movable frame is openable with respect to the fixed frame. The developing unit, which has two pairs of protrusions thereon, is detachably mounted to the fixed frame by engaging the protrusions with two pairs of guides provided on the fixed frame. One pair of guides includes a portion for momentarily catching one pair of the protrusions as the developing unit is being mounted to the apparatus, and each of the other pair of guides includes a inclined portion having the shape of an arc centered on the momentarily catching portion, whereby an impact to the developing unit is alleviated. The developing unit has a shutter which moves to a position for covering a peripheral surface of a developing sleeve when the developing unit is being dismounted, and which retracts from the developing sleeve covering position and moves to a position for covering the photosensitive drum when the developing unit is being mounted. The movable frame accommodates a fixing device to move the fixing device rearwardly together with the movable frame when the movable frame is opened, whereby the danger of an operator touching the fixing device when the apparatus is opened is reduced.
    • 固定框架包括感光鼓和显影单元,并且可移动框架相对于固定框架是可打开的。 在其上具有两对突起的显影单元通过与设置在固定框架上的两对导轨接合突起而可拆卸地安装到固定框架。 一对引导件包括当显影单元被安装到设备上时暂时捕获一对突起的部分,另一对引导件中的每一个引导件包括倾斜部分,该倾斜部分具有以瞬间捕获部分为中心的圆弧形状 ,从而减轻对显影单元的影响。 显影单元具有挡板,当所述显影单元被拆卸时,所述挡板移动到用于覆盖显影套筒的外周表面的位置,并且当所述显影单元被显影时从所述显影套筒覆盖位置缩回并移动到用于覆盖所述感光鼓的位置 装置正在安装。 当可动框架打开时,可动框架容纳固定装置与可动框架一起向后移动固定装置,从而减少了当打开装置时操作人员接触定影装置的危险。
    • 87. 发明授权
    • Liquid crystal device
    • 液晶装置
    • US5657141A
    • 1997-08-12
    • US475533
    • 1995-06-07
    • Masahiro TeradaSyuji YamadaHiroshi Mizuno
    • Masahiro TeradaSyuji YamadaHiroshi Mizuno
    • C09K19/34G02F1/141G02F1/13C09K19/52
    • G02F1/1416C09K19/34C09K19/3441C09K19/3452C09K19/3466
    • A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a chiral smectic liquid crystal between a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode and a uniaxial alignment film. The chiral smectic liquid crystal is placed in such a quasi-smectic A alignment state that the liquid crystal molecules will have a single average molecular axis under no electric field application on a lower temperature side within chiral smectic C phase range, wherein the single average molecular axis can be confirmed as a position providing the darkest state when observed through cross nicol polarizers. Such a quasi-smectic A alignment state is effective in providing a liquid crystal device (or display apparatus) having an improved shock resistance and a good low-temperature storage properties.
    • 液晶装置是通过在各自设置有电极的一对基板和单轴取向膜之间设置手性近晶液晶而构成的。 手性近晶液晶被置于这样的准近晶A取向状态,使得液晶分子在手性近晶C相范围内的低温侧无电场施加时将具有单个平均分子轴,其中单分子平均分子 当通过交叉尼龙偏振器观察时,可以将轴确认为提供最黑暗状态的位置。 这样的准近程A取向状态在提供具有改善的抗冲击性和良好的低温储存性的液晶装置(或显示装置)方面是有效的。
    • 88. 发明授权
    • Chiral smectic liquid crystal device and display apparatus
    • 手性近晶体液晶装置及显示装置
    • US5453861A
    • 1995-09-26
    • US252535
    • 1994-06-01
    • Kenji ShinjoHiroyuki KitayamaMasanobu AsaokaMasahiro TeradaSyuji YamadaHiroshi Mizuno
    • Kenji ShinjoHiroyuki KitayamaMasanobu AsaokaMasahiro TeradaSyuji YamadaHiroshi Mizuno
    • G02F1/1337G02F1/141G02F1/13G02F1/1343
    • G02F1/1416G02F2001/133746
    • A liquid crystal device showing improved uniform alignment characteristic and switching characteristic is constituted by a pair of an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between the upper and lower substrates. Each of the upper and lower substrates has thereon an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a uniaxial alignment film. The alignment films on the upper and lower substrates are provided with uniaxial alignment axes which cross each other so that the direction of crossing of the uniaxial alignment axes from the lower substrate to the upper substrate is identical to the direction of helical twist in cholesteric phase of the chiral smectic liquid crystal, and the chiral smectic liquid crystal is disposed in such an alignment state that the liquid crystal shows a pretilt angle .alpha., a cone angle H, an inclination angle .delta. of SmC.sup.* layer, and an apparent tilt angle .theta.a satisfying relationships of: H .theta.a>H/2. The crossing direction may preferably have a polarity (taken as "positive" in clockwise direction and "negative" in anticlockwise direction) which is the same as the polarity of the spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal.
    • 显示出改善的均匀取向特性和切换特性的液晶装置由一对上基板和下基板以及设置在上基板和下基板之间的手性近晶液晶构成。 上基板和下基板都具有用于向液晶施加电压的电极和单轴取向膜。 上基板和下基板上的取向膜具有彼此交叉的单轴对准轴,使得单轴对准轴从下基板到上基板的交叉方向与胆甾醇相的螺旋扭转方向相同 手性近晶液晶和手性近晶液晶以这样的取向状态设置,使得液晶显示预倾角α,锥角+ E,crc / H /,SmC *层的倾斜角度δ,以及 满足以下关系的明显倾斜角θa:+ E,crc / H /α+δ和+ E,crc / H />θa> + E,crc / H / / 2。 交叉方向可以优选地具有与液晶的自发极化的极性相同的极性(顺时针方向为“正”,逆时针方向为“负”)。